noteswale
Notegraduate

Advanced cohesion

Lesson 73 of 84

C1

Cohesion = paragraph jod: this crowding, the former, did so. Sentence linkers however / therefore = 53. Spoken well / actually = 66. Hedge tone = 71. Style / unclear matlab = 74.

1. Kya hai

53 = do vakya ka linker. 66 = bolte waqt ishara. Yahan = pehle wali baat ko pakad ke aage le jao, har line pe However, ke bina.

Job Yaad rakho Not this page
idea dubara this crowding / such delays this / that object near-far = 14
do cheez me se the former / the latter the later (spelling galti)
same action did so and / but / so = 30

2. Reference

Form Yaad rakho Example
this / these + noun pehle wala idea, noun se clear The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
such + noun aisi hi cheez dubara Trains stalled in monsoon. Such delays anger commuters.
the former / the latter pehli / doosri named cheez. later nahi The metro and the auto both run. The former is cheaper.
pehle known, phir naya sentence start = known hook The form closed at 5. This deadline surprised Ravi.

Sirf This was unfair dhuandhaar — kaunsi baat? Noun lagao. Deep unclear matlab / zor = 74. Person chain Ravi → he = 03 / 31, yahan core nahi.

3. Substitute & chain

Form Yaad rakho Example
do so same action, formal Students filled the form. Ravi did so on 15 May.
one same type, naya item. Known object = it I need a pen. Do you have one?
ellipsis (dobara mat likho) dobara verb mat likho jab samajh clear Papa likes chai; Amma, coffee.
lexical chain (same idea, alag word) metro → train → the service. Repeat 6 baar nahi The metro was late. The service recovered after chai time.

Ek paragraph = ek job. Metro + cricket + fees, glue nahi = toot. Har sentence However / Therefore = 53, yahan glue nahi. Well, / Actually, essay me kam = 66 / 69.

4. Examples

Bold = glue.

  1. The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
  2. The form closed at 5. This deadline surprised Ravi.
  3. Trains stalled in monsoon. Such delays anger commuters.
  4. The metro and the auto both run. The former is cheaper.
  5. Chai and coffee were on the stall. Meera chose the latter.
  6. Students filled the form. Ravi did so on 15 May.
  7. Mr Khan queued at dawn. Amma did so too.
  8. I need a pen. Do you have one?
  9. Papa likes chai; Amma, coffee.
  10. The metro was late. The service recovered after chai time.
  11. Fees rose in April. This increase hit some families.
  12. Ravi took an auto. Meera did too.
  13. The queue grew before Diwali. This wait was unfair.
  14. The hall was full. Cricket on TV belongs in a new paragraph.
  15. I was tired. However, I cooked. (53, yahan core nahi)

5. Common mistakes

The metro was packed. This was delayed the exam.
The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
The metro and the auto both run. The later is cheaper.
The former is cheaper. later = time, latter nahi.
Students filled the form. Ravi did it so. / Ravi made so.
Ravi did so on 15 May.
I need a pen. Do you have it? (koi specific pen nahi)
Do you have one? it = already known object.
The metro… The metro… The metro… (six times)
the train / the service / this delay.
However, Therefore, However, Moreover on every line.
One 53 linker if needed. Glue = this / former / did so.
Well, actually, the metro… (66, yahan nahi)
66 speech. Essay: This crowding… / The former…
Fees rose. Cricket is popular. He must have left. (one para)
One job per paragraph. must have = 72. Emphasis extra = 74.
Hindi note. Glue = pehli baat ko naam de ke pakdo: this crowding / the former / did so. later time hai; latter = doosri cheez. Har line however = 53, yahan jod nahi.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. The metro was packed. ______ delayed the exam.
2. The metro and the auto both run. ______ is cheaper.
3. Students filled the form. Ravi ______ on 15 May.
4. I need a pen. Do you have ______?
5. After "The metro was late", next mention:
6. One paragraph should:
7. The queue grew. Better next line:
8. Papa likes chai; Amma, ______.
9. The form closed at 5. Next (given → new):
10. This page is not:

B. 5 fill-in

1. The metro was packed. ______ delayed the exam. (this + noun)

2. The metro and the auto both run. ______ is cheaper.

3. Students filled the form. Ravi ______ on 15 May.

4. I need a pen. Do you have ______?

5. Sahi karo: The metro was packed. This was delayed the exam.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek this + noun, ek the former, ek did so.

  1. this + noun: The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
  2. the former: The metro and the auto both run. The former is cheaper.
  3. did so: Students filled the form. Ravi did so on 15 May.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) This crowding — idea + noun. However = 53. Well = 66.
  2. b) The former — pehli cheez. later = time. Actually = 66.
  3. a) did so — same action. did it so / made so galat.
  4. b) one — type. it = known object. them plural.
  5. b) The service recovered after chai time. — same idea, alag word. Repeat / Well = kamzor.
  6. a) keep one job and a this/these chain — mix / hedge-every = 71, yahan nahi.
  7. b) This wait was unfair. — noun. This was empty. must have = 72.
  8. a) coffee — dobara verb nahi. actually / however extra, yahan nahi.
  9. a) This deadline surprised Ravi. — given → new. cricket / must have jump.
  10. c) however / therefore — 53, not 73.
Fill-in
  1. This crowding — This crush / This delay bhi OK.
  2. The former
  3. did so
  4. one
  5. The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
Model sentences
  1. The metro was packed. This crowding delayed the exam.
  2. The metro and the auto both run. The former is cheaper.
  3. Students filled the form. Ravi did so on 15 May.

Check: this/these + noun; such delays; former ≠ later; did so; one not it; dobara verb nahi; same idea alag word; one job per paragraph; however = 53; well/actually = 66; hedge = 71; must have = 72; unclear matlab = 74; this/that object = 14; and/but/so = 30.