Passive = karta chhupa; kaam / cheez aage. Form: be + V3 (V3 = verb ka 3rd form: cooked, sent, spoken). Karnewala chahiye to by. Yahan sirf present + past. Baaki tenses / get-passive = 55. V3 intro = 32. has been doing = 39.
1. Kya hai
Active: kaun karta hai. Passive: kaam / cheez subject ban jati hai. Object ke bina verb (happen, arrive) yahan passive nahi.
People speak English here. → English is spoken here.
Someone stole my phone yesterday. → My phone was stolen yesterday.
2. Present / past: be + V3 (3rd form)
| Time | be | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present | am / is / are | Rice is cooked. Sweets are made. I am asked. |
| Past | was / were | The letter was sent yesterday. The windows were cleaned. |
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They cook rice every morning. | Rice is cooked every morning. |
| The teacher checked the homework. | The homework was checked (by the teacher). |
V3 = verb ka 3rd form: regular -ed (cooked, locked) ya irregular (spoken, sent, stolen, made, written, done — 32). be + V2 (2nd form) nahi: was send galat; was sent.
3. by / questions / not / 39
| Rule | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|
| by + karnewala | The homework was checked by the teacher. | checked from the teacher. / by someone (aksar mat likho) |
| question | Is English spoken here? Was the letter sent yesterday? | Does English spoken here? |
| negative | The gate isn't locked in the morning. The letter wasn't sent. | The gate doesn't locked. |
| 39 vs 41 | She has been doing the work. (39) The work has been done. (3rd form; map = 55) | The work has been doing. |
| no object | The accident happened yesterday. | The accident was happened. |
by tab jab karnewala matter kare. people / someone / they ho to by mat lagao. is being / has been / will be / get stolen = 55, yahan core nahi.
4. Examples
Bold = be + V3.
- Rice is cooked every morning.
- English is spoken here.
- Cricket is played in this ground.
- Tea is served at four.
- The gate is locked at night.
- Diwali sweets are made at home.
- I am asked many questions in class.
- Is English spoken here?
- The gate isn't locked in the morning.
- The letter was sent yesterday.
- The match was cancelled last night.
- My phone was stolen yesterday.
- The homework was checked by the teacher.
- Chai was made by Amma.
- Was the letter sent yesterday?
5. Common mistakes
6. Practice
A. 10 MCQ
B. 5 fill-in
C. 3 sentences
Model answers neeche. Ek present, ek past, ek with by.
- present: English is spoken here.
- past: The letter was sent yesterday.
- by: The homework was checked by the teacher.
7. Answer key
MCQ
- b) is cooked — present passive, be + V3 (3rd form). cooks = active. is cooking = 08.
- a) is spoken — 3rd form spoken. is speaking = active continuous. speaks = active.
- b) was sent — yesterday = past + 3rd form. is sent = present. was send = 2nd form, not 3rd.
- c) was stolen — be + 3rd form. stole = active, no be. was stole = galat 3rd form.
- a) by — karnewala = by, not from / with.
- b) Is — be pehle. Does/Do + spoken nahi.
- c) isn't — negative = be + not + 3rd form. doesn't locked galat.
- b) are made — sweets plural. is made = singular. are make = no 3rd form.
- b) has been done — finished 3rd form. has been doing = 39. is doing = now, active. Full map = 55.
- a) happened — no object, no passive. was/is happened galat.
Fill-in
- is — rice singular, present be.
- sent — 3rd form of send, not send / sended.
- spoken — 3rd form of speak, not speaking.
- by — karnewala.
- English is spoken here. — be + 3rd form, not speaking.
Model sentences
- English is spoken here.
- The letter was sent yesterday.
- The homework was checked by the teacher.
Check: am/is/are/was/were + V3 (3rd form); by = karnewala; questions = be first; no object = no passive; speaking/send/stole ≠ 3rd form; has been doing = 39, has been done contrast, other tenses = 55; reported speech = 42.