Conditionals = if + shart. Yahan teen: 0 = fact; 1 = possible (kal ho sakta); 2 = unreal now (abhi nahi / sapna). 3rd / mixed (If I had known…) = topic 54 — yahan nahi. wish = 57. will = 23.
1. Kya hai
Do halves: if-clause (shart) + result. If pehle aaye to beech me comma. Result pehle ho to comma nahi.
If it rains, I will stay at home. / I will stay at home if it rains.
2. Zero / first / second
| Type | If-clause | Result | Matlab |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 Zero | present | present | fact / habit / science |
| 1 First | present | will + base | real future — ho sakta hai |
| 2 Second | past | would + base | unreal now / future — soch / sapna |
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| 0 | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| 1 | If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. |
| 2 | If I had a car, I would drive to work. |
If-wali line me will / would mat lagao (0, 1, 2 me): If it rains, not If it will rain.
If I had a car = 2nd (have ka past). If I had gone = 3rd = 54. Dono ek saath mat lagao.
3. unless / were / when
| Rule | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|
| unless = if not | Unless you hurry, you will miss the train. | Unless you don't hurry… (double) |
| If I were you | If I were you, I would talk to the teacher. | If I am you. / If I was you. (exam: were) |
| if vs when | If I go to Pune… (maybe). When I go… (sure / habit) | — |
| result extra | If you see Ravi, tell him. (28). If we hurry, we might catch it. (45) | If you will see Ravi… |
Negative: If it doesn't rain, we will play. 2nd: If I didn't have homework, I would go out. won't / wouldn't result me.
4. Examples
Bold = tense (kaal) form.
- If you heat ice, it melts. (0)
- If I drink chai at night, I don't sleep. (0)
- If you don't water plants, they die. (0)
- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. (1)
- If she calls, I will tell her. (1)
- If you study, you will pass. (1)
- If I am free at the weekend, I will come. (1)
- If you see Ravi, tell him. (1 + 28)
- Unless you hurry, you will miss the train. (1)
- If it doesn't rain, we will play cricket. (1)
- If I had a car, I would drive to work. (2)
- If I were you, I would talk to the teacher. (2)
- If I won a lakh, I would buy a scooter. (2)
- If I had time, I would help you. (2)
- When I go to Pune, I stay with my uncle. (when = sure)
5. Common mistakes
6. Practice
A. 10 MCQ
B. 5 fill-in
C. 3 sentences
Model answers neeche. Ek 0, ek 1, ek 2.
- zero: If you heat ice, it melts.
- first: If it rains, I will stay at home.
- second: If I were you, I would talk to the teacher.
7. Answer key
MCQ
- b) melts — zero = present + present. will = first. would = second.
- b) will stay — tomorrow real = first. stay = zero. would = unreal.
- b) had — second if-clause = past. have = present. will have = if me will nahi.
- b) rains — if-clause present. will rain galat. rained = second.
- c) were — If I were you. am = real. was informal; exam me were.
- b) will miss — unless + present → first result will. miss = zero. would = 2.
- b) will tell — real future. tell = zero/imperative alag. would = unreal.
- a) don't — habit = zero. won't = first future. wouldn't = 2.
- b) would buy — won = past → second. will = first. buy = zero.
- a) zero — present + present, fact.
Fill-in
- rains — first if-clause, present. not will rain.
- had — second, past of have.
- melts — zero, present.
- would — If I were you, I would…
- If it rains, I will stay. — no will in the if-clause.
Model sentences
- If you heat ice, it melts.
- If it rains, I will stay at home.
- If I were you, I would talk to the teacher.
Check: 0 = present+present; 1 = present+will; 2 = past+would; no will/would in if-clause; If I were you; unless = if not; If I had a car ≠ If I had gone (54); wish = 57; might extra = 45.