Guess Paper 2 — Predicted (100 MCQs): Based on PYQ analysis and syllabus weightage. This is a predicted paper — there is no guarantee these questions will appear in the exam. Tap Show Answer to check yourself. 🔥 = high priority, ⭐ = important.
Q1. The hydrosphere includes all of Earth's — संभावित ⭐
- Rocks and minerals
- Gases in the air
- Water in oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater and ice
- Living organisms
Show Answer
Answer: C — Hydro means water: the hydrosphere is all water on, under and above the Earth.
Q2. Weather phenomena like rain, storms and clouds occur mainly in the — संभावित
- Mesosphere
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Thermosphere
Show Answer
Answer: B — The troposphere is the lowest layer, holding most of the air and all weather.
Q3. Buildings, roads, dams and industries are components of the — संभावित
- Biotic environment
- Man-made (anthropogenic) environment
- Natural environment
- Biosphere
Show Answer
Answer: B — Anything built or modified by humans forms the anthropogenic environment.
Q4. The immediate surroundings of a single organism — its nest, burrow or a leaf — form its — संभावित
- Macroenvironment
- Biosphere
- Biome
- Microenvironment
Show Answer
Answer: D — Micro means the immediate small-scale surroundings; macro means large regional surroundings.
Q5. Which of the following belongs to the man-made environment? संभावित
- A wild forest
- A natural lake
- A national highway
- A river delta
Show Answer
Answer: C — Highways are built by humans; the rest are natural features.
Q6. Environmental Studies helps civil engineers mainly in — संभावित
- Planning eco-friendly buildings and waste management
- Increasing cement production
- Ignoring pollution norms
- Designing buildings that waste more energy
Show Answer
Answer: A — EVS guides green buildings, EIA compliance and sustainable design.
Q7. World Environment Day (5 June) is observed mainly to — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Promote plastic use
- Spread public awareness about environmental protection
- Celebrate industrial growth
- Honour scientists only
Show Answer
Answer: B — This UNEP-led day's core purpose is awareness campaigns for the environment.
Q8. The 'environment' of a fish is mainly — संभावित
- Water with dissolved oxygen and food
- Desert sand
- Forest soil
- Mountain air
Show Answer
Answer: A — An organism's environment is the surroundings it actually lives in.
Q9. Which of the following is an inexhaustible resource? संभावित ⭐
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Natural gas
- Sunlight
Show Answer
Answer: D — Inexhaustible resources cannot be exhausted by human use; sunlight is the classic example.
Q10. Which of the following is a biotic resource? संभावित
- Fisheries
- Solar energy
- Iron ore
- Limestone
Show Answer
Answer: A — Biotic resources come from living things — forests, fisheries and livestock.
Q11. Which Indian state leads in installed wind-power capacity? संभावित ⭐
- Rajasthan
- Bihar
- Punjab
- Tamil Nadu
Show Answer
Answer: D — Tamil Nadu, with farms like Muppandal and Aralvaimozhi, has long led India's wind capacity.
Q12. Shifting (jhum) cultivation practised in North-East India mainly causes — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Groundwater recharge
- Deforestation and soil nutrient loss
- Increase in forest cover
- Urban growth
Show Answer
Answer: B — Slash-and-burn clears forest, and shortened cycles stop the soil from recovering.
Q13. Planting trees on village wastelands for fuel, fodder and timber is called — संभावित ⭐
- Monoculture farming
- Social forestry
- Jhum cultivation
- Commercial logging
Show Answer
Answer: B — Social forestry means community forestry for local people's daily needs.
Q14. Drip irrigation saves water mainly by — संभावित ⭐
- Digging deeper wells
- Flooding the whole field
- Delivering water drop-by-drop to plant roots
- Spraying water in the air
Show Answer
Answer: C — Water goes straight to the root zone, so evaporation and runoff losses are minimal.
Q15. India is the world's largest producer of — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Gold
- Diamond
- Mica
- Silver
Show Answer
Answer: C — India's Jharkhand–Bihar–Rajasthan belt leads world mica production.
Q16. The largest share of India's land use is under — संभावित
- Forests
- Urban areas
- Deserts
- Net sown area (cropland)
Show Answer
Answer: D — About 46% of India's land is net sown area — agriculture dominates land use.
Q17. The Green Revolution in India (1960s) is associated with — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Forest conservation
- Banning chemical fertilisers
- High-yielding wheat and rice varieties with fertilisers and irrigation
- Organic farming only
Show Answer
Answer: C — HYV seeds plus fertilisers and irrigation multiplied foodgrain output, starting in Punjab and Haryana.
Q18. Who is called the father of India's Green Revolution? विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Verghese Kurien
- M. S. Swaminathan
- C. V. Raman
- Norman Borlaug
Show Answer
Answer: B — M. S. Swaminathan adapted high-yielding wheat to Indian conditions; Borlaug is the global father.
Q19. Overgrazing by livestock mainly leads to — संभावित
- More rainfall
- Cleaner rivers
- Removal of vegetation cover and soil erosion
- Thicker forests
Show Answer
Answer: C — Grazing strips plant cover, and bare soil is then eroded by wind and water.
Q20. The topmost layer of the soil profile, rich in humus, is the — संभावित ⭐
- A-horizon (topsoil)
- B-horizon
- C-horizon
- Bedrock
Show Answer
Answer: A — The A-horizon is the topsoil with humus and the most biological activity.
Q21. Farming done without chemical fertilisers and pesticides, using manure and compost, is called — संभावित
- Organic farming
- Jhum cultivation
- Hydroponics
- Plantation farming
Show Answer
Answer: A — Organic farming relies on natural inputs and crop rotation.
Q22. Contour ploughing on hill slopes mainly prevents — संभावित
- Floods in plains
- Pests
- Earthquakes
- Soil erosion by slowing water runoff
Show Answer
Answer: D — Ploughing along contour lines traps water and stops soil washing downhill.
Q23. Biogas (gobar gas) is produced by — संभावित ⭐
- Anaerobic digestion of cattle dung by microbes
- Burning cow dung in open air
- Mixing dung with petrol
- Drying dung in sunlight
Show Answer
Answer: A — Methanogens break down dung without oxygen, releasing methane-rich biogas.
Q24. A pond is studied as a classic example of a — संभावित ⭐
- Freshwater lentic (still-water) ecosystem
- Terrestrial ecosystem
- Estuarine ecosystem
- Marine ecosystem
Show Answer
Answer: A — Lentic means still water (ponds, lakes); lotic means flowing water (rivers).
Q25. The total living matter (biomass) present at each trophic level at a given time is called the — संभावित
- Ecological efficiency
- Standing state
- Niche
- Standing crop
Show Answer
Answer: D — Standing crop is biomass; standing state refers to non-living nutrients.
Q26. In any food chain, producers always occupy the — संभावित ⭐
- Last trophic level
- Second trophic level
- First trophic level (T1)
- Third trophic level
Show Answer
Answer: C — Numbering starts at producers (T1); herbivores are T2, and so on.
Q27. Humans and bears, which eat both plants and animals, are — संभावित
- Herbivores
- Decomposers
- Carnivores
- Omnivores
Show Answer
Answer: D — Omni means all: omnivores feed at more than one trophic level.
Q28. A parasitic food chain always begins with the — संभावित ⭐
- Green plants
- Host organism
- Sunlight
- Dead matter
Show Answer
Answer: B — Parasites feed on a living host, so the chain starts there rather than with producers.
Q29. Ecological succession that starts on bare rock or desert is called — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Prisere
- Hydrosere
- Xerosere
- Halosere
Show Answer
Answer: C — Xero means dry: the xerosere runs from lichens on rock to forest.
Q30. The sequence of succession in a pond, from open water to forest, is called the — संभावित ⭐
- Clisere
- Lithosere
- Hydrosere
- Xerosere
Show Answer
Answer: C — Hydro means water: the hydrosere fills the pond through stages to woodland.
Q31. Regrowth of forest after a fire, on soil that already exists, is — संभावित
- Retrogression
- Primary succession
- Nudation
- Secondary succession
Show Answer
Answer: D — Secondary succession starts where soil and some life remain, so it is faster.
Q32. The functional role a species plays in its ecosystem — what it eats, where it lives — is its — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Habitat
- Ecotone
- Niche
- Biome
Show Answer
Answer: C — Habitat is the address; niche is the profession. Two species cannot share one niche.
Q33. The transition zone between two ecosystems, like a forest edge meeting grassland, is the — संभावित ⭐
- Ecotone
- Biome
- Niche
- Climax
Show Answer
Answer: A — The ecotone is the edge zone, often holding species from both sides plus edge specialists.
Q34. An ecosystem's ability to resist disturbance and maintain balance is called — संभावित
- Eutrophication
- Succession
- Stratification
- Homeostasis
Show Answer
Answer: D — Like the body's homeostasis: diverse ecosystems have stronger homeostasis.
Q35. The taiga biome is characterised by — संभावित
- Grasslands with lions
- Hot deserts
- Tropical rainforests
- Evergreen coniferous forests in cold regions
Show Answer
Answer: D — The taiga is the boreal forest belt of pine, spruce and fir across Russia and Canada.
Q36. Sacred groves protected by tribal communities for religious reasons are an example of — संभावित ⭐
- In-situ conservation
- Ex-situ conservation
- Tissue culture
- Cryopreservation
Show Answer
Answer: A — The species are protected in their natural habitat — the definition of in-situ conservation.
Q37. India's first biosphere reserve, designated in 1986, is the — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Gulf of Mannar
- Nanda Devi
- Sundarbans
- Nilgiri
Show Answer
Answer: D — The Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu–Kerala–Karnataka) was India's first under UNESCO's MAB programme.
Q38. Unlike a national park, in a wildlife sanctuary — संभावित ⭐
- Limited activities like grazing may be permitted
- No human activity is allowed at all
- There is no wildlife
- Hunting is freely allowed
Show Answer
Answer: A — Sanctuaries allow regulated grazing and collection; national parks ban them almost totally.
Q39. UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme, under which biosphere reserves are designated, was launched in — संभावित
- 1992
- 1945
- 1971
- 2000
Show Answer
Answer: C — The MAB programme (1971) created the world network of biosphere reserves.
Q40. CITES (1973) is an international agreement that mainly regulates — संभावित ⭐
- Nuclear weapons
- Trade in endangered wild species
- Internet commerce
- Ocean fishing quotas
Show Answer
Answer: B — The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species controls ivory, skins and live animals.
Q41. The Nilgiri tahr, a wild goat, is endemic to the — संभावित
- Eastern Ghats
- Aravallis
- Himalayas
- Western Ghats
Show Answer
Answer: D — It is found only in the high shola-grasslands of the Western Ghats (Eravikulam).
Q42. The cheetah was declared extinct in India in — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 1947
- 1991
- 1972
- 1952
Show Answer
Answer: D — Hunting wiped out India's cheetahs; 1952 is the official extinction year (reintroduction began at Kuno in 2022).
Q43. Storing seeds of crop varieties in seed banks is an example of — संभावित ⭐
- Hotspot protection
- Ecotourism
- In-situ conservation
- Ex-situ conservation
Show Answer
Answer: D — Outside the natural habitat means ex-situ; seed banks preserve genetic diversity.
Q44. The Western Ghats–Sri Lanka hotspot is famous mainly for — संभावित ⭐
- Oil reserves
- Diamond mines
- Very high endemism of plants and animals
- Glaciers
Show Answer
Answer: C — Thousands of species found nowhere else — that is the hotspot criterion.
Q45. Which Indian islands fall in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot? संभावित
- Nicobar Islands
- Lakshadweep
- Majuli
- Diu
Show Answer
Answer: A — The Nicobar Islands are the Indian part of the Sundaland hotspot (the Andamans fall in Indo-Burma).
Q46. Pollination of crops by bees and butterflies is an example of — संभावित
- An ecosystem service
- A provisioning service
- A cultural service
- Overexploitation
Show Answer
Answer: A — These are nature's free services — pollination, water purification, climate regulation.
Q47. Roughly one-fourth of modern medicines are derived from — संभावित ⭐
- Petroleum products
- Tropical forest plants
- Metals
- Plastics
Show Answer
Answer: B — Quinine, vincristine, aspirin (from willow) — forests are pharmacies.
Q48. The steady loss of traditional crop varieties and wild relatives is called — संभावित
- Genetic erosion
- Speciation
- Desertification
- Eutrophication
Show Answer
Answer: A — Narrow high-yield monocultures replace diverse landraces, and genes are lost forever.
Q49. The hangul (Kashmir stag) is protected mainly in — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Gir National Park
- Dachigam National Park
- Kaziranga National Park
- Jim Corbett National Park
Show Answer
Answer: B — Dachigam (Jammu & Kashmir) is the last stronghold of the critically endangered hangul.
Q50. Olive ridley turtles arrive in lakhs to nest at — संभावित ⭐
- Kanyakumari
- Chilika mouth
- Marina Beach
- Gahirmatha (Odisha)
Show Answer
Answer: D — Gahirmatha hosts the world's largest arribada (mass nesting) of olive ridleys.
Q51. The catastrophic decline of Indian vultures was traced to the veterinary drug — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Insulin
- Aspirin
- Diclofenac
- Penicillin
Show Answer
Answer: C — Diclofenac in cattle carcasses caused fatal kidney failure in vultures; it was banned for veterinary use in 2006.
Q52. The dodo, the classic example of human-caused extinction, lived on the island of — संभावित
- Madagascar
- Sri Lanka
- Borneo
- Mauritius
Show Answer
Answer: D — The flightless dodo of Mauritius was wiped out by sailors and introduced animals by about 1680.
Q53. Project Elephant, for protecting elephants and their corridors, was launched in — संभावित ⭐
- 1985
- 1992
- 1973
- 2005
Show Answer
Answer: B — It was launched in 1992 by the Government of India, on the lines of Project Tiger.
Q54. India's all-India tiger estimation now relies mainly on — संभावित
- Camera traps and scat DNA analysis
- Asking villagers
- Pugmark counting only
- Satellite photos of tigers
Show Answer
Answer: A — Modern estimation uses camera-trap capture-recapture plus genetic sampling.
Q55. The forest owlet, a bird once thought extinct for over a century, was rediscovered in — संभावित
- Maharashtra
- Kerala
- Assam
- Rajasthan
Show Answer
Answer: A — It was rediscovered in 1997 in Maharashtra's Satpura ranges after 113 years.
Q56. Smog is a combination of — संभावित ⭐
- Soil and magma
- Smoke and fog
- Snow and mist
- Sand and gas
Show Answer
Answer: B — The word itself is smoke + fog; London's 1952 killer smog is the classic case.
Q57. Fine particles smaller than 2.5 micrometres, which enter the lungs deeply, are called — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Ash
- PM10
- PM2.5
- TSP
Show Answer
Answer: C — PM2.5 penetrates the alveoli; the smaller the particle, the deeper it goes.
Q58. The yellowing and decay of the Taj Mahal's white marble is mainly caused by — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Earthquakes
- Birds
- Tourists touching it
- Sulphur dioxide from the Mathura refinery (acid rain)
Show Answer
Answer: D — SO2 forms sulphuric-acid rain that eats marble — the reason for the Taj Trapezium Zone.
Q59. The main pollutant released by diesel vehicles, visible as black smoke, is — संभावित ⭐
- Water vapour
- Nitrogen gas
- Particulate matter (soot)
- Oxygen
Show Answer
Answer: C — Diesel soot is fine carbon particles — a major urban PM source.
Q60. Lead was removed from petrol mainly because lead — संभावित
- Damages the brain and nervous system, especially in children
- Was too expensive
- Made engines slow
- Increased mileage
Show Answer
Answer: A — Lead poisoning lowers IQ in children; India went unleaded in 2000.
Q61. Fish begin to die when the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water falls below about — संभावित ⭐
- 0.1 mg/L
- 100 mg/L
- 4 mg/L
- 20 mg/L
Show Answer
Answer: C — Below about 4 mg/L most fish are stressed; below 2 mg/L kills are common.
Q62. Minamata disease, which shocked Japan, was caused by — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Radioactivity
- Noise
- Cholera
- Mercury poisoning from industrial wastewater
Show Answer
Answer: D — The Chisso factory's mercury in Minamata Bay poisoned fish and people in the 1950s.
Q63. Itai-itai ('ouch-ouch') disease in Japan was caused by — संभावित ⭐
- A virus
- Iron deficiency
- Cadmium poisoning
- Vitamin lack
Show Answer
Answer: C — Cadmium from mining waste poisoned rice and water; bones became brittle.
Q64. Drinking water with excess fluoride for years causes — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Anaemia
- Goitre
- Fluorosis (mottled teeth, stiff joints)
- Night blindness
Show Answer
Answer: C — Rajasthan's groundwater belts show classic dental and skeletal fluorosis.
Q65. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a severe, well-known problem in — संभावित ⭐
- Kerala coast
- West Bengal and Bangladesh
- Thar desert
- Ladakh
Show Answer
Answer: B — Tube wells in the Bengal delta tap arsenic-rich aquifers; millions are affected.
Q66. Pesticides like DDT persist in soil for years mainly because they are — संभावित
- Water-soluble
- Radioactive
- Non-biodegradable
- Gaseous
Show Answer
Answer: C — Microbes cannot break them down, so they accumulate up the food chain.
Q67. Planting dense rows of trees along noisy roads to absorb sound is called the — संभावित ⭐
- Red data book
- Green muffler scheme
- Blue baby plan
- Yellow revolution
Show Answer
Answer: B — Vegetation belts muffle traffic noise — a classic noise-control measure.
Q68. The most common method of disposing urban solid waste in India is — संभावित
- Exporting it abroad
- Throwing it in rivers
- Burning it in streets
- Sanitary landfill (controlled dumping)
Show Answer
Answer: D — Engineered landfills with liners and leachate collection are the prescribed method.
Q69. Infectious biomedical waste from hospitals is collected in — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Yellow bags
- Blue bags
- White bags
- Black bags
Show Answer
Answer: A — Colour code — yellow: infectious/incineration; blue: glass; red: contaminated plastic.
Q70. Fly ash from coal power plants is now widely used to make — संभावित
- Glass bottles
- Bricks and cement
- Medicines
- Fertilisers
Show Answer
Answer: B — Fly-ash bricks save topsoil and solve the ash-disposal problem.
Q71. The main man-made source of ozone-destroying CFCs was — संभावित ⭐
- Ocean spray
- Volcanoes
- Cow dung
- Refrigerators, ACs and aerosol sprays
Show Answer
Answer: D — Chlorofluorocarbons in cooling and sprays released chlorine that ate the ozone layer.
Q72. The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was triggered by a massive earthquake off — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Alaska
- Sumatra (Indonesia)
- Chile
- Japan
Show Answer
Answer: B — The 9.1-magnitude quake off Sumatra sent waves that killed about 2.3 lakh people.
Q73. The Bhopal gas tragedy, the world's worst industrial disaster, occurred in — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 1976
- 1991
- 2001
- 1984
Show Answer
Answer: D — On the night of 2–3 December 1984, methyl isocyanate leaked from the Union Carbide plant.
Q74. The 1979 partial nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island happened in the — संभावित
- Japan
- France
- USSR
- USA
Show Answer
Answer: D — It happened in Pennsylvania, USA — no deaths, but it froze US nuclear expansion.
Q75. The 'half-life' of a radioactive substance is the time taken for — संभावित ⭐
- All of it to decay
- It to cool down
- Half of its atoms to decay
- It to double
Show Answer
Answer: C — After one half-life 50% remains, after two 25% — waste stays dangerous for many half-lives.
Q76. The WHO recommends that daytime outdoor noise in residential areas stay below — संभावित
- 55 dB
- 10 dB
- 120 dB
- 200 dB
Show Answer
Answer: A — Above 55 dB by day (45 dB by night), annoyance and health effects rise.
Q77. The Great Smog of London (1952), which killed thousands, was mainly caused by — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Coal smoke mixing with fog
- A chemical factory blast
- A volcano
- A forest fire
Show Answer
Answer: A — A temperature inversion trapped coal smoke; thousands died — it led to the Clean Air Act, 1956.
Q78. The Brundtland Commission is formally known as the — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- World Health Organisation
- World Trade Organisation
- World Commission on Environment and Development
- International Labour Organisation
Show Answer
Answer: C — The WCED (1983–87), chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, produced 'Our Common Future'.
Q79. The UN Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 total — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 25 goals
- 8 goals
- 12 goals
- 17 goals
Show Answer
Answer: D — 17 SDGs with 169 targets under Agenda 2030 (the earlier Millennium Goals were 8).
Q80. SDG 13 of the UN goals specifically calls for — संभावित ⭐
- Climate action
- Gender equality
- Life below water
- Quality education
Show Answer
Answer: A — SDG 13 is Climate Action; SDG 4 is education, SDG 5 is gender, SDG 14 is oceans.
Q81. SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) aims to ensure — संभावित
- Free electricity
- Safe drinking water and sanitation for all
- Space travel
- Internet access
Show Answer
Answer: B — It targets universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene by 2030.
Q82. The unplanned outward expansion of a city into surrounding farmland is called — संभावित ⭐
- Gentrification
- Urban sprawl
- Ruralisation
- Urban heat island
Show Answer
Answer: B — Sprawl eats farmland and raises transport emissions and infrastructure costs.
Q83. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) legally required developed countries to — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Increase coal mining
- Cut greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels
- Build more dams
- Stop all trade
Show Answer
Answer: B — The first binding climate treaty set roughly a 5% cut target for 2008–12.
Q84. The 1992 Earth Summit, which produced the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, was held in — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Stockholm
- Paris
- Rio de Janeiro
- Kyoto
Show Answer
Answer: C — The Rio 1992 UN conference drew 178 nations; it created the climate and biodiversity conventions.
Q85. Agenda 21, adopted at the Rio Earth Summit, is — संभावित
- A global action plan for sustainable development
- A trade agreement
- A military pact
- A cricket schedule
Show Answer
Answer: A — 21 stands for the 21st century: 40 chapters guiding sustainable-development actions.
Q86. The most famous leader of the Chipko Movement was — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Rajendra Singh
- Medha Patkar
- Sunderlal Bahuguna
- Vandana Shiva
Show Answer
Answer: C — Bahuguna's foot marches and fasts took Chipko national; Gaura Devi led the 1974 Reni action.
Q87. The Appiko Movement (1983), Chipko's southern counterpart to save forests, began in — संभावित ⭐
- Punjab
- Karnataka
- Odisha
- Gujarat
Show Answer
Answer: B — Panduranga Hegde led villagers in hugging trees in Karnataka's Western Ghats.
Q88. The Silent Valley Movement successfully saved tropical rainforests in — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Madhya Pradesh
- Kerala
- Assam
- Himachal Pradesh
Show Answer
Answer: B — A planned hydroelectric dam was dropped, and Silent Valley became a national park in 1984.
Q89. In 1730, Amrita Devi and 363 Bishnois sacrificed their lives protecting khejri trees at — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- Reni (Uttarakhand)
- Khejarli (Rajasthan)
- Narmada valley
- Silent Valley
Show Answer
Answer: B — The Khejarli sacrifice under the Jodhpur king inspired the Chipko spirit centuries later.
Q90. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, which created the Pollution Control Boards, was passed in — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 1981
- 1972
- 1974
- 1986
Show Answer
Answer: C — India's first major environmental law; the CPCB and State Boards were born under it.
Q91. The headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is in — संभावित ⭐
- Nairobi
- New York
- Geneva
- Paris
Show Answer
Answer: A — UNEP, created after Stockholm 1972, is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya — the only major UN agency based in Africa.
Q92. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, India's landmark law for wild animals and plants, was passed in — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 1972
- 1991
- 1980
- 1986
Show Answer
Answer: A — The 1972 Act created national parks, sanctuaries and schedules of protected species.
Q93. The National Green Tribunal (NGT), India's special environmental court, was established in — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 2001
- 2010
- 1995
- 2015
Show Answer
Answer: B — Under the NGT Act, 2010; it disposes of environmental cases within six months.
Q94. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted under the — संभावित ⭐
- Companies Act
- Forest Act
- Mining Act
- Water Act, 1974
Show Answer
Answer: D — The CPCB (September 1974) advises the government and lays down national standards.
Q95. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was made mandatory in India for listed projects by the notification of — संभावित ⭐
- 2010
- 1986
- 2006
- 1994
Show Answer
Answer: D — The EIA Notification, 1994 (under the EPA, 1986); replaced by the 2006 notification.
Q96. Principle 1 of the Stockholm Declaration (1972) declares that man has the fundamental right to — संभावित
- Unlimited mining
- Adequate conditions of life in an environment permitting dignity and well-being
- Free trade
- Own forests
Show Answer
Answer: B — It is the foundation of environmental-rights language worldwide.
Q97. The Montreal Protocol (1987) succeeded because countries agreed to — विगत प्रश्न ⭐
- Phase out production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances
- Ban all industries
- Stop using electricity
- Cut forests
Show Answer
Answer: A — Binding phase-out schedules for CFCs and halons; the ozone hole is now recovering.
Q98. By the 'Rule of 70', a population growing at 2% per year will double in about — संभावित ⭐
- 140 years
- 70 years
- 35 years
- 20 years
Show Answer
Answer: C — 70 divided by the growth rate gives the doubling time: 70 / 2 = 35 years.
Q99. In the demographic transition model, Stage 2 (as in much of developing Asia) shows — संभावित
- Negative growth
- High birth but falling death rates, causing rapid growth
- Low birth and low death rates
- High birth and high death rates
Show Answer
Answer: B — Deaths fall through medicine and sanitation while births stay high — the population-explosion stage.
Q100. According to Census 2011, India's sex ratio is — विगत प्रश्न 🔥
- 943 females per 1000 males
- 850 females per 1000 males
- 933 females per 1000 males
- 1000 females per 1000 males
Show Answer
Answer: A — 943 in 2011, up from 933 in 2001; Kerala is highest at 1084.
