Topic kya maangta hai
Paper likhta hai: Change into passive / Identify the voice / blank is being ya has been. Pooche dhancha palatna, tense mat todna. must ka matlab modals pe; yahan uske baad be worn. was written ka clock-naam tenses pe; yahan was = be ka past. He said that — narration.
Yahan padhna
Active vs passive. Object zaroori. Paanch kadam. be table (is/was/being/been) — 12-box nahi, conversion. Modal + be + V3. Pronoun I↔me. Do objects. Who → by whom. Imperative Let…be. Agent by / instrument with / omit. being vs been. Verb+prep stuck. Infinitive to be + V3. It is said / He is said to. Rajasthan: Amer Fort was built…, Hindi is spoken in Jaipur, form must be submitted.
Yahan mat ghusana
12-box, since/for, Did+V1 — tenses (passive ka tense-naam wahan; yahan be-form). can/may/must choose — modals (yahan sirf be+V3 chipkao). a university — articles. on Monday / by bus — prepositions (by Ram yahan agent). Helping-job naam — POS. He said, "I am tired" — narration. Each of the boys is — SVA extra (yahan naya subject se is/are, poora rule wahan). Hindi karta/karm/bhav, ne-rachna, likha jata hai — vachya. ne ≠ by.
Ek line: Passive = naya subject (purana object) + be (wahi tense) + V3 + (by + purana karta). Matlab palat, clock mat palat.
Kab banta, kab nahi
Active: karta kaam karta hai. Ram writes a letter. Passive: kaam object pe dikhta hai. A letter is written by Ram.
Passive tab jab verb sakarmak / transitive + object dikhe. He sleeps. / The sun rises. — object nahi, personal passive nahi (*He is slept* galat). People say that… jaise bina-clear-object ko impersonal: It is said that…
Possession have: I have a house. → *A house is had by me* Class-X nahi. resemble, lack, consist of, happen, seem — aksar passive nahi.
Do bhasha. Hindi Ram ne patr likha abhi bhi karta-pradhan (ne karmavachya nahi) — vachya. English Ram wrote a letter = active. English passive = The letter was written by Ram. ne dekh ke by mat laga dena.
Paanch kadam — har palat
- Object pakdo. Nahi mila to ruko (ya It is said wala rasta).
- Object ko subject banao. Pronoun case badlo: me→I, him→he, her→she, us→we, them→they, whom→who.
- be usi tense mein jo active verb tha (table neeche). Naya subject ke hisab se is/am/are, was/were.
- Main verb V3. write→written, steal→stolen, wear→worn. V1/V2 yahan nahi.
- by + purana karta (agar zaroori). Unknown/obvious to hatao. Instrument with, material kabhi of — by nahi.
Ram writes a letter. → passive?
Solution
- Object
a letter. Naya subject: A letter. (article object ke saath aata hai — articles layer alag, yahan mat girao.)
- Tense
writes = present simple. be = is (letter singular).
- V3 + by
written. by Ram. Clock was mat laga — that past ho jayega.
be ki table — conversion, 12-box nahi
Yahan be-form ratna. Kab kaam hua — tenses. Paper "identify tense of: The letter is written" to present simple passive; "change the voice" to palat.
| Active (same clock) | Passive be + V3 | Example palat |
|---|---|---|
| writes / write | is / am / are + V3 | A letter is written. Letters are written. |
| is / am / are writing | is / am / are being + V3 | The road is being repaired. |
| has / have written | has / have been + V3 | The form has been posted. |
| wrote | was / were + V3 | Amer Fort was built by Raja Man Singh. |
| was / were writing | was / were being + V3 | A match was being watched. |
| had written | had been + V3 | The work had been finished. |
| will / shall write | will / shall be + V3 | The gate will be opened. |
| will have written | will have been + V3 | The work will have been done. |
| is going to write | is going to be + V3 | A well is going to be dug. |
Class-X skip: perfect continuous (has been writing) aur future continuous ka personal passive aksar nahi poochte — has been being written mat ghusana. Paper inhe avoid karta; tum bhi.
Negative: not pehle helping ke baad — is not written, has not been posted, cannot be opened. Sawal: pehli helping subject se pehle — Is the letter written? Has the form been posted?
Modal ke baad sirf be + V3
can/may/must/should/will/would/need + be + V3. Modal choose modals pe; yahan dhancha: You must wear the uniform → The uniform must be worn. You can see the fort → The fort can be seen. ought to / have to / used to: ought to be done, has to be submitted, used to be held.
Perfect-modal voice: should have done → should have been done. Mix mat: should have = regret modals; been = passive layer.
Pronoun palat
| Active subject | by-object | Active object → naya subject |
|---|---|---|
| I | by me | me → I |
| we | by us | us → we |
| you | by you | you → you |
| he | by him | him → he |
| she | by her | her → she |
| it | by it | it → it |
| they | by them | them → they |
| who | by whom | whom → who |
She taught me. → I was taught by her. (*Me was taught, *by she galat.) POS case POS pe; yahan sirf palat.
Do objects — do raste, ek pasand
She gave me a book. Indirect = me, direct = a book.
- Indirect uthao (Class-X favourite): I was given a book (by her).
- Direct uthao: A book was given to me (by her). to mat bhulo.
Same: teach, tell, send, show, offer, lend. He told us a story → We were told a story. / A story was told to us.
Questions — helping pehle, who alag
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Do they speak Hindi? | Is Hindi spoken by them? |
| Did she write this? | Was this written by her? |
| Has he posted the form? | Has the form been posted by him? |
| What do you want? | What is wanted by you? |
| Who stole the bag? | By whom was the bag stolen? / Who was the bag stolen by? |
| Who teaches you? | By whom are you taught? / Who are you taught by? |
Who = karta. Passive mein karta by ke saath: By whom…? What/which object the to woh subject ban ke pehle reh sakte: What was stolen?
Who built Amer Fort?
Solution
- Object
Amer Fort. Tense past simple → was built.
- Who
Karta unknown-name. Formal: By whom was Amer Fort built?
Imperative — Let, request, forbid
| Active hukum | Passive |
|---|---|
| Open the window. | Let the window be opened. |
| Do it at once. | Let it be done at once. |
| Don't touch the wires. | Let the wires not be touched. / You are forbidden to touch the wires. |
| Please help me. | You are requested to help me. |
| Kindly post this. | You are requested to post this. |
| Work hard. (no object) | You are advised to work hard. (Let nahi, object nahi) |
please/kindly → requested. don't + object → let…not be / forbidden. Salah bina object → advised. Let him go (ijazat) → He may be allowed to go. (Let him be gone galat.)
by, with, of — aur kab hatao
| Word | Kaam | Example |
|---|---|---|
| by | karta / agent | written by Premchand. built by Raja Man Singh |
| with | hathiyar / instrument | The tree was cut with an axe. (not by an axe) |
| of | samagri kabhi | The well is made of stone. (banavat, karta nahi) |
by bus = sawari prepositions. by Ram = yahan agent. Mix ek extra mat.
Omit by jab karta unknown, obvious, ya matter nahi: Someone has stolen my cycle → My cycle has been stolen. People speak Hindi in Jaipur → Hindi is spoken in Jaipur. The thief was arrested. (by the police obvious)
being vs been — paper yahi uljhaata
| Dekho active mein | Passive | Yaad |
|---|---|---|
| -ing (chal raha) | being + V3 | is writing → is being written. was writing → was being written |
| has/have/had + V3 | been + V3 | has written → has been written. had written → had been written |
| simple (V1/V2, no -ing, no have) | sirf is/was + V3 — being/been nahi | writes → is written. wrote → was written |
Kasauti: continuous? being. perfect? been. dono ek saath Class-X mat. is being ≠ has been. The road is being repaired (abhi chal raha). The road has been repaired (ho chuka).
They are repairing the road. / They have repaired the road.
Solution
- -ing
are repairing → is being repaired (road singular).
- have + V3
have repaired → has been repaired. being yahan nahi.
Verb + prep chipka rehta hai
They laughed at him. → He was laughed at. (at mat girao.) She looks after the children. → The children are looked after. We sent for the doctor. → The doctor was sent for.
Yeh list verb+prep pe ratte; yahan rule: palat ke baad prep verb ke saath pichhe. Infinitive: I want to finish it → I want it to be finished. (to be + V3)
People say that he is honest → It is said that he is honest. / He is said to be honest. Agent people gir jaata. He is said to have won = log kehte jeeta. Reporting quotes narration; yahan sirf impersonal palat.
Traps — yahi kat'te hain
1. Tense badal diya
writes → is written, not was written. Clock mat palat.
2. being / been galat ghar
is writing → is being. has written → has been. is written mein being nahi.
3. V1/V2 passive mein
is write / was stole galat. written, stolen, worn, built, taught.
4. by I / me was
by me. I was given.
5. intransitive
He died. → *He was died* nahi. The accident happened. passive nahi.
6. have a book
Possession passive nahi.
7. axe by
cut with an axe. by the woodcutter.
8. ne = by
Hindi ne active reh sakta. English by sirf passive agent.
9. must be posted = sirf modal
must = modal. be posted = yahan voice. Dono layers.
10. He said that = voice
said reporting. Palat write/written. Narration agla extra.
Paper pe paanch kadam
- Object hai? Nahi to personal passive mat.
- Kaun sa be? simple is/was · continuous being · perfect been · modal be.
- V3 + naya subject se is/are.
- by / with / omit? karta vs hathiyar vs unknown.
- Doosra extra mat. 12-box, can-matlab, a/an, He said, each-of-is.
Q 1–10
Voice kya palat'ta hai?
- 12-box clock — has/had/will have
- Karta-karm: object naya subject, be+V3, by-agent optional
- a/an/the pointer
- can/must ka matlab
Solution
- Dhancha
Clock tenses. Pointer articles. Attitude modals. Yahan kaun sehta hai kaam.
Ram writes a letter. Passive?
- A letter writes Ram
- A letter is written by Ram
- A letter was written by Ram — tense tod diya
- A letter has written Ram
Solution
- Present simple
is + written. was = past. V3 without be nahi.
They are repairing the road.
- The road is repaired — simple, -ing gira
- The road is being repaired (by them)
- The road has been repaired — perfect
- The road was being repaired — past
Solution
- Continuous
are repairing → is being (road singular). been nahi.
She has posted the form.
- The form is posted
- The form has been posted by her
- The form was posted
- The form has posted her
Solution
- Perfect
has posted → has been posted. being nahi. her = by her.
He will open the gate.
- The gate will open him
- The gate will be opened by him
- The gate is opened
- The gate must be opened — modal badal diya
Solution
- will + V1
will be + V3. must alag extra.
You must wear the uniform. Passive dhancha?
- The uniform must wear you
- The uniform must be worn
- Yeh sirf modals hai, be nahi lagta
- The uniform is on — prep
Solution
- Do layers
must = modal (matlab wahan). be worn = voice. worn V3 of wear.
Who stole the bag?
- Who was stolen the bag
- By whom was the bag stolen?
- The bag stole whom
- May the bag steal
Solution
- Who = karta
Object bag. Past simple → was stolen. Formal by whom.
Open the window.
- The window opens
- Let the window be opened
- Window is the — article
- Can the window — modal
Solution
- Hukum
Let + object + be + V3. Please hota to requested.
She gave me a book. Class-X favourite passive?
- A book gave me
- I was given a book by her
- I am given a book — tense tod
- Me was given a book
Solution
- Indirect subject
me → I. gave past → was given. A book was given to me bhi sahi, favourite I was given.
He said that he was tired. Yeh voice palat hai?
- Haan, said = passive hamesha
- Nahi — reporting / narration; voice = write ↔ is written
- Article the
- on Monday decide karta
Solution
- Fence
said that clause = narration. was tired yahan stative, palat nahi maanga.
Practice
Ye dus alag kone hain — upar wale dus ki nakal nahi.
The fort was built in 1592. Voice?
- Active — built V2 hai
- Passive (past simple; was + V3)
- Modal must
- Present perfect
Solution
- be + V3
was built. V2 built aur V3 built same spelling — pehle was dekho. Tense-naam past simple tenses; voice yahan.
They were watching a match.
- A match was watched — being gira
- A match was being watched by them
- A match has been watched
- A match is watching them
Solution
- Past continuous
were watching → was being watched. Q3 present being tha; yahan was being.
Someone has stolen my cycle. (karta matter nahi)
- My cycle has stolen
- My cycle has been stolen
- My cycle was being stolen
- by someone har haal mein likho
Solution
- Omit
has stolen → has been stolen. someone drop. Q4 by her zaroori tha (she known); yahan nahi.
Do they speak Hindi?
- Hindi speaks them
- Is Hindi spoken by them?
- Was Hindi spoken by them? — tense tod
- Hindi is speaking
Solution
- Present simple sawal
Do…speak → is + spoken. Q7 Who-past tha; yahan yes/no present.
They had finished the work.
- The work was finished — past simple
- The work had been finished by them
- The work has been finished — present perfect
- The work finished them
Solution
- Past perfect
had finished → had been finished. Q4 has been; yahan had been.
Don't touch the wires.
- Let the wires touch
- Let the wires not be touched
- Wires are the
- You must not — sirf modal, Let-form nahi
Solution
- Negative hukum
Let + object + not + be + V3. Q8 positive Let be opened; yahan not. You are forbidden to touch bhi keys mein.
I have a house in Jaipur. Passive?
- A house is had by me — Class-X yeh chalta
- Usual nahi — have-possession passive nahi banta
- A house has me
- The house — article decide karta
Solution
- Ruko
Object dikhe to bhi possession/intransitive-family. The house was built = build transitive, alag.
The tree was cut ___ an axe.
- by — agent hota, axe hathiyar
- with
- in
- at
Solution
- Instrument
with an axe. by the woodcutter. by bus prep extra; yahan with.
Hindi "Ram ne patr likha" ko English by se seedha passive?
- Haan, ne = by, isliye was written hi likho
- Nahi — ne-wali line Hindi active reh sakti; English Ram wrote a letter. Passive = The letter was written by Ram. vachya mix mat
- Yeh sandhi hai
- Yeh a/an hai
Solution
- Do bhasha
Hindi ne ≠ English by. Patr likha gaya = English was written. Alag kasauti.
He said, "I write a letter." Change into indirect — yeh voice extra?
- Haan, said inverted commas = be + V3
- Nahi — inverted commas / that-clause = narration; voice alag palat
- Article an
- in Jaipur
Solution
- Fence
Q10 said that pehchan. Yahan quotes + indirect = narration. (I write a letter ka voice alag: A letter is written by me.)