Subject–verb agreement

Topic kya maangta hai

Paper blank: Each of the boys ___ present, The quality of the mangoes ___, A number of students ___. Pooche is ya are, has ya have, writes ya write. He wrote clock tenses pe. He said that he was narration pe. is written voice pe. Neither…nor jodna conjunctions pe — yahan sirf nearer verb.

Yahan padhna

3rd person singular -s. Head noun, beech ka of-phrase ignore. as well as / with / along with = pehla subject. and = plural, unless one idea. or/nor/not only = nearer. each/every/either/neither/one of = singular. a number are / the number is. collective unit vs members. news/mathematics is; police/cattle are; scissors are; pair of is. one of the boys who are. There is/are. Five km is. Many a is. Rajasthan: The Aravallis are, the Thar is, people of Rajasthan are.

Yahan mat ghusana

12-box, since/for, Did+V1 — tenses (writes vs wrote wahan; writes vs write yahan). Quotes, backshift — narration. be+V3, by Ram — voice (naya subject se is/are yahan layer). can/must no -s — modals form, yahan be/have. a university — articles (each meaning wahan; each of + is yahan). in Jaipur — prepositions. Collective naam — POS. Because/although tree — conjunctions. Hindi hai/hain — kaal seedha are mat.

Ek line: Verb us noun se milta hai jo asal subject hai — nearest plural mangoes se nahi, of ke pehle wale head se, ya or ke baad nearer se.

Pehla kaanun — person + number

Subject	Present be	have	V1
I	am	have	write (no -s)
you / we / they / boys	are	have	write
he / she / it / Ram / the boy	is	has	writes

Past: was (I/he/she/it), were (you/we/they) — number yahan bhi. wrote sabke liye same: agreement past simple V2 pe -s nahi lagta. He write galat (present). He wrote tense theek — clock tenses; yahan present wala -s.

does + V1: He does not write. Do they write? Modal: He can write (can pe -s nahi) — modals.

Head noun — of ke baad wale se mat milao

The quality of the mangoes is good. Head = quality (singular). mangoes sirf of-phrase.

The colour of the walls is white. A list of names was posted. The wages of workers (wages plural naam) are low — yahan head wages.

Nearest noun trap. mangoes / walls / boys of-ke-baad dikhe to are mat. Pehle wala head pakdo. Exception: a number of, a lot of — neeche, wahan of ke baad wala chalata hai.

Example

The quality of these mangoes ___ (be) good. / A list of candidates ___ (be) ready.

Solution

Head
quality, list — singular. mangoes/candidates ignore.

Answeris · is

as well as, with, along with — pehla jeetta

Ye phrases subject nahi jodte. Verb pehle naam se:

Ram as well as his friends is here.
The boys as well as the teacher are here.
The minister, with his secretaries, has arrived.
together with, in addition to, besides, unlike, like, accompanied by — same.

Comma-wale insert bhi pehla. and alag ghar — wahan dono jodte.

and — do naam, aksar plural

The boy and the girl are ready. Ram and Shyam live in Jaipur.

Ek idea / ek dish / ek person do title: singular.

Singular (ek cheez)	Plural (do)
Bread and butter is my breakfast.	Bread and butter are sold here. (do items alag)
Slow and steady wins the race.	—
The poet and scholar is dead. (ek aadmi)	The poet and the scholar are dead. (the do baar = do log)

and ka jodna-tree conjunctions extra. Yahan sirf: kitne subject, kitna verb.

or, nor, either…or, neither…nor — nearer

Verb usse milta jo verb ke paas hai.

Either the teacher or the students are late.
Either the students or the teacher is late.
Neither you nor I am to blame. (nearer I → am)
Not only the principal but also the teachers have come.

either/neither bina of pronoun: Either of the two is (each-family, neeche). either…or do subjects = nearer rule, not automatic is.

Example

Neither Ram nor his brothers ___ (be) ready. / Neither his brothers nor Ram ___ ready.

Solution

Paas wala
brothers → are. Ram → is. Pehla naam ignore nearer ke liye.

Answerare · is

each, every, one, none — singular club

Subject	Verb	Example
each / every / either / neither + noun	singular	Each boy is. Every student has a form.
each of / either of / neither of + plural	Class-X is / has	Each of the boys is present. Neither of them is ready.
everyone, somebody, nobody, anybody	singular	Everybody was given a form. (voice layer alag)
one of + plural	singular (one)	One of the boys has won.
many a + singular noun	singular	Many a student has failed.
a great many / many + plural	plural	Many students have failed.
more than one + singular	singular	More than one boy is absent.

each ka matlab determiner articles pe. Yahan each of the boys ke baad is. Every boy and every girl is (every har dafa singular).

none of the water is. none of the boys Class-X aksar is (modern are bhi; key is pakdo jab option ho).

a number vs the number

Phrase	Matlab	Verb
A number of students	kai / many	are / have — A number of students are absent.
The number of students	ginati / figure	is / has — The number of accidents has increased.

Same pattern: a lot of / lots of / plenty of — noun ke peeche. A lot of time is. A lot of people are. Half of the cake is. Half of the boys are. 70 percent of the land is. 70 percent of the people are.

Collective — unit ya members

team, jury, committee, army, family, government, audience, public. POS unhe noun kehta — POS. Yahan verb:

Ek unit: The team is strong. The committee has taken a decision.
Alag-alag log: The team are fighting among themselves. The jury were divided in their opinions.

Class-X default unit = singular, jab among/their/divided na dikhe.

-s se khatam, phir bhi…

Singular verb (is/has)	Plural verb (are/have)
news, innings, physics, mathematics, measles, mumps, politics, economics (subject as subject)	people, police, cattle, poultry, vermin, gentry
furniture, luggage, scenery, information, advice, work (uncountable), poetry	scissors, trousers, spectacles, tongs, riches, thanks
a pair of scissors / trousers is	These scissors are
The United States / The Arabian Nights is	The Aravallis are a range. The people of Rajasthan are

The news is true. The police have arrested him. Politics is his subject. The Thar is a desert. Jaipur is the capital.

one of, who/which, there, it

One of the boys is — one singular. One of the boys are paper ka favourite galat.

Relative: who/which/that apne pehle wale se milte.

He is one of those players who are always on time. (who → players)
He is the only one of the players who is always on time. (who → the only one)
I who am your friend… It is I who am… It is they who are…

There: asal subject baad mein. There is a fort. There are many forts in Rajasthan. There is a book and two pens — pehle noun nearer-style (is) kuch keys; Class-X safer: There is a book, and there are two pens / There are two pens and a book. Clear plural → are.

Time, money, distance — ek rashi

Five kilometres is not a long walk. Ten thousand rupees is a large sum. Two hours is enough. Fifty kilos is heavy.

Agar alag-alag tukde: Five-rupee notes are on the table (notes ginoge).

Traps — yahi kat'te hain

1. mangoes are (quality of)

quality is.

2. each of the boys are

is. boys of ke baad.

3. one of the boys have

has / is.

4. a number is / the number are

ulta: a number are, the number is.

5. as well as = and

as well as pehla. and dono (unless one idea).

6. neither…nor pehla

nearer. Neither you nor I am.

7. news are / police is

news is. police have.

8. He write / He can writes

He writes. He can write — modal modals.

9. was tired = SVA sawal

said that = narration. Yahan is/are abhi subject se.

10. team hain kyunki Hindi

English head. hai/hain kaal se are freeze mat.

Paper pe paanch kadam

Asal subject kaun? of-phrase, as well as, comma-insert hata ke dekho.
and / or? and = plural (one-idea chhod). or = nearer.
each / one / a number / the number / many a? list se.
-s naam? news is, police are, pair of is.
Doosra extra mat. wrote clock, said that, is written, because-clause conjunctions, a/an.

Galat list. Each of the boys are. One of the boys have. The quality of the mangoes are. A number of students is. The number of accidents have. Ram as well as friends are. News are. Police is. He write. Five kilometres are a long walk (unit). He said that = SVA.

Q 1–10

SVA kya milata hai?

Quotes hata ke that/if
Subject ke number-person se verb (is/are, has/have, writes/write)
be+V3 palat
a/an sound

Solution

Mel
Narration report. Voice dhancha. Articles pointer. Yahan kitne + kaun person.

AnswerB

Each of the boys ___ present.

are — boys nearest
is
have
were — bina past signal

Solution

each of
each singular. boys of-phrase. Determiner matlab articles; verb yahan is.

AnswerB

The quality of the mangoes ___ good.

are
is
have
were

Solution

Head quality
mangoes ignore. Q2 each; yahan of-head.

AnswerB

Ram as well as his friends ___ here.

are — friends gin liye
is
have
were

Solution

Pehla
as well as and nahi. Ram singular → is.

AnswerB

Either the teacher or the students ___ late.

is — teacher pehla
are
has
was

Solution

Nearer
students → are. Q4 pehla-rule tha; or pe paas-wala.

AnswerB

A number of students ___ absent.

is — number dekh ke
are
has
was

Solution

many
A number of = kai. are. the number alag P mein.

AnswerB

The news ___ true.

are — -s dikha
is
have
were

Solution

Uncountable-like
news is. police have ulta family.

AnswerB

One of the boys ___ won the prize.

have
has
are
were

Solution

one
has. boys of ke baad. who-clause alag P6.

AnswerB

Neither of them ___ ready. (Class-X key)

are — informal bolchal
is
have
were

Solution

neither of
singular club. Q5 neither…nor nearer tha; yahan of-them = is.

AnswerB

Q10

He said that he was tired. Yeh SVA extra hai?

Haan, was = are ka agreement
Nahi — quotes/that = narration; SVA = is/are subject se ab
Voice be+V3
the Ganga

Solution

Fence
Backshift wahan. Yahan each is, quality is.

AnswerB

Practice

Ye dus alag kone hain — upar wale dus ki nakal nahi.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Bread and butter ___ my breakfast. (ek dish)

are — and hamesha plural
is
have
were

Solution

One idea
Q4 as well as alag. and yahan ek nashhta.

AnswerB

The number of accidents ___ increased.

have
has
are
were

Solution

the figure
The number is/has. Q6 A number are tha; yahan ulta.

AnswerB

The jury ___ divided in their opinions.

is — unit default, lekin divided/their
are
has
was always unit

Solution

Members
among/their/divided → plural. The jury is unanimous = unit.

AnswerB

There ___ many forts in Rajasthan.

Solution

Real subject forts
there dummy. plural → are. The Thar is alag naam.

AnswerB

Five kilometres ___ not a long walk.

are — kilometres ginoge
is
have
were

Solution

Ek rashi
distance unit. Notes are alag.

AnswerB

He is one of those players who ___ always on time.

is — one dekh ke
are
has
was

Solution

who → players
Q8 one of the boys has (bina who). Yahan who clause players se.

AnswerB

Politics ___ his favourite subject.

are
is
have
were

Solution

Subject-name
politics is. Q7 news family. The people are alag.

AnswerB

Many a student ___ failed.

have — many
has
are
were

Solution

many a + singular
has. Many students have alag.

AnswerB

Hindi "ladke jaate hain" se The team are hamesha?

Haan, hain = are freeze
Nahi — English head: team unit is / members are; Hindi hai/hain mix mat
Yeh sandhi hai
Yeh a/an hai

Solution

Do bhasha
P3 divided = are. The team is strong = unit. Hindi se automatic nahi.

AnswerB

P10

Slow and steady wins the race. Yeh sirf conjunction extra hai, SVA nahi?

Haan, and dikhe to agreement page band
Nahi — yahan and = ek idea, verb singular = SVA; because/although tree conjunctions
Voice
Narration quotes

Solution

Fence
P1 bread and butter is. Conjunction jod-ka-naam conjunctions pe.

AnswerB