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Indian economy / budget / schemes

Lesson 43 of 113

Is topic pe kya aata hai

Paper poochta hai: mixed economy, LPG kab, NITI vs Planning, fiscal deficit kya, Budget kaun pesh karta, GST kab, PM-KISAN kitna, MGNREGA kitne din. Yeh poore Hindustan ka paisa-yojana hai — Makrana khaan nahi, Preamble ke teen shabd nahi.

Yahan lock

1991 LPG. NITI 1 Jan 2015 think-tank. Budget 1 Feb, FM LS mein. 2026–27: kharch ~₹53.5 lakh cr, fiscal 4.3% GDP, capex ~₹12.2 lakh cr. GST 1 Jul 2017. 16th FC. PM-KISAN 6000, AB-PMJAY 5 lakh, MGNREGA 100 din.

Yahan mat ghusao

Rampura zinc, IGNP 204+445, RVUNL — Rajasthan economy. Money Bill Art 110, 543 seats — Constitution (yahan sirf Budget = Money Bill ek line). Socialist Preamble 42nd — wahan. Godawan — wildlife.

Ek line: Budget ke ank har saal badalte. Structure lock (1 Feb, FD formula, GST din). 2026–27 ke 4.3% ko 2017 wale 3.5 FRBM se mix mat.

Mixed se LPG, plan se NITI

  • Azadi ke baad mixed economy — sarkar + bazaar. Public sector “commanding heights”. Preamble ka Socialist (42nd) Constitution pe; yahan Nehru–Mahalanobis plan model.
  • 24 Jul 1991 — Narasimha Rao sarkar, FM Manmohan Singh. LPG: Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation. Licence-quota dhila. New Industrial Policy.
  • Planning Commission 1950 (Nehru). 12 Five Year Plans; aakhri 12th 2012–17. Plan khatam.
  • NITI Aayog 1 Jan 2015 — National Institution for Transforming India. Think-tank, cooperative federalism. Chair = PM. Vice-chair PM nominate. CEO. States ke CM Governing Council mein. Paise baantne ka Commission nahi — woh Finance Commission.
Trap. NITI ≠ RBI (sood). NITI ≠ GST Council (tax rate; Council chair Union FM, PM nahi). NITI ≠ 16th FC (devolution). Planning Commission ke “plan grant” NITI ke paas nahi.

GDP, mehngai, teen deficit

ShabdLock
GDPDesh ke andar 1 saal ki production ka market value. GNP = GDP + net income from abroad.
Nominal vs realNominal = current prices. Real = inflation nikaal. Budget 2026–27 ne nominal GDP growth ~10% mana.
Fiscal deficitTotal expenditure − (revenue receipts + non-debt capital receipts). Matlab udhaar kitna.
Revenue deficitRevenue kharch − revenue receipt. Roz-marra chalan udhaar se.
Primary deficitFiscal − interest payment. Naya udhaar, purane sood ke bina.
CPI / WPIMehngai. RBI target CPI 4% ±2 (MPC). WPI wholesale.

Budget kaise + 2026–27 ank

Art 112 Annual Financial Statement. Finance Minister Lok Sabha mein pesh (RS copy). 1 February se 2017 (pehle Feb ant). Railway Budget 2017 se merge. Election saal: interim / Vote on Account.

1 Feb 2026 — FM Nirmala Sitharaman, Union Budget 2026–27. PIB: pehla Budget Kartavya Bhawan se. Paper 2025–26 ke ank mat ratna.

Fiscal 4.3% RE 25–26: 4.4% Kharch ₹53.5 L cr Capex ₹12.2 L cr Debt 55.6% GDP ka, BE 26–27

PRS/PIB lock. Revenue deficit 1.5%. Naya semiconductor park list mat ratna — FD + date kaafi.

  • Net tax receipt ~₹28.7 lakh cr. BE / RE / Actuals teen column — paper “BE kya” poochta.
  • Finance Bill = tax change, Money Bill. Structure Constitution Art 110.
  • Naya Income-tax Act 2025 — 1 Apr 2026 se (purana 1961). Trap: Budget din hi naya act nahi.

GST, Finance Commission, RBI

  • GST 1 Jul 2017 — 101st amendment, Art 279A Council. Chair = Union Finance Minister (PM nahi — PM NITI ka chair hai). Vice = State FMs apas mein chunte. Dual: CGST+SGST / IGST interstate. Rate slab paper ke saal; din lock.
  • Finance Commission Art 280, 5 saal. Tax devolution Centre→states. Ab 16th FC (2026–31 window). 2026–27 grants PIB ~₹1.4 lakh cr. Chairman naam paper se confirm. NITI ≠ FC.
  • RBI: 1 Apr 1935, nationalise 1949, Mumbai. Monetary policy — repo, reverse repo. Bank note issue. Budget nahi banata.
  • Direct tax = income/corp. Indirect = GST/excise/customs. Cess-surcharge GST share mein nahi jaata — coaching trap.

Schemes — das naam kaafi

Phonebook 200 yojana nahi. Ministry mix mat: kisan ≠ swasthya ≠ rozgar.

YojanaLock
MGNREGA (2005)Rural, 100 din unskilled, demand-driven, wages DBT. Urban nahi.
PM-KISAN (2019)₹6000/saal, 3 × ₹2000, landholding family, DBT. Cabinet 2026 mein continue. Fasal Bima alag.
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY₹5 lakh/family/saal hospital. NHPS. Ayushman = health, Ujjwala = gas.
PMAYAwas — Gramin / Urban. “Sabko ghar” housing, MGNREGA wage nahi.
Jal Jeevan MissionHar ghar nal. Paani; IGNP canal RJ economy pe.
UjjwalaLPG cylinder ghar. Clean fuel.
PM-JDYJan Dhan account, DBT ki nali.
MUDRAShishu / Kishor / Tarun loan, non-farm small.
NFSA 2013PDS ration, ~5 kg/person (Antyodaya alag). FCI.
Viksit Bharat 2047Vision tag 2026 Budget speech mein. Scheme ki jagah lakshya.

DBT = Direct Benefit Transfer, Aadhaar-bank. Make in India / Startup / Digital India — naam; amount mat ladna. PM Surya Ghar = rooftop solar, Bhadla park RJ economy.

Q-bank

Q1

NITI Aayog sahi jod?

  1. 1950, Five Year Plan banati, paise baantti
  2. 1 Jan 2015, think-tank; Planning Commission ki jagah
  3. RBI ka naya naam
  4. 16th Finance Commission hi NITI hai

Solution

  1. Think-tank

    Chair PM. Plan grant / tax share alag bodies.

AnswerB
Q2

LPG reforms kab / kaun FM?

  1. 1947, Nehru
  2. 1991, Manmohan Singh (Narasimha Rao)
  3. 2017, GST din
  4. 2015, NITI

Solution

  1. Crisis 1991

    BoP. GST alag. NITI alag.

AnswerB
Q3

Fiscal deficit kya hai?

  1. Sirf sood ka bill
  2. Total kharch minus (revenue + non-debt capital receipt)
  3. GST collection
  4. Lok Sabha 543

Solution

  1. Udhaar

    Primary = FD − interest. 543 Constitution.

AnswerB
Q4

Union Budget 2026–27 fiscal deficit (BE) PIB/PRS?

  1. 10% GDP
  2. 4.3% GDP (RE 25–26: 4.4%)
  3. 1.5% hi fiscal hai
  4. Zero, surplus

Solution

  1. Paper saal

    1.5% revenue deficit. 10% nominal GDP growth estimate, FD nahi.

AnswerB
Q5

GST lagu din?

  1. 26 Jan 1950
  2. 1 Jul 2017
  3. 1 Jan 2015 NITI ke saath
  4. 15 Aug 1947

Solution

  1. Midnight

    101st. 1950 Constitution. 1947 INM.

AnswerB
Q6

PM-KISAN kitna / kaise?

  1. ₹5 lakh hospital
  2. ₹6000/saal, teen qist DBT
  3. 100 din kaam
  4. IGNP pani

Solution

  1. Kisan

    5 lakh Ayushman. 100 MGNREGA. IGNP RJ.

AnswerB
Q7

Budget kaunse House / kab (2017 ke baad)?

  1. Rajya Sabha, 26 January
  2. Lok Sabha, 1 February (FM)
  3. Vidhan Sabha Jaipur, 30 March
  4. RBI Mumbai, 1 April

Solution

  1. Art 112

    RS copy. 30 Mar RJ Diwas. 1 Apr RBI/financial year start, Budget din nahi.

AnswerB
Q8

Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY cover?

  1. LPG cylinder
  2. ₹5 lakh/family/saal health insurance
  3. Zinc khaan Bhilwara
  4. Art 32 writ

Solution

  1. Hospital

    Ujjwala gas. Zinc RJ economy. 32 Constitution.

AnswerB
Q9

RBI vs NITI vs 16th FC?

  1. Teenon same office
  2. RBI sood/note; NITI niti think-tank; FC tax share states
  3. RBI Budget pesh karti
  4. FC GST rate set karti

Solution

  1. Teen dukaan

    GST Council rates. Budget FM.

AnswerB
Q10

Preamble Socialist, Rampura-Agucha, Art 32. Is chapter?

  1. Haan, teenon Budget
  2. Nahi — Constitution / RJ economy / Constitution
  3. Haan, zinc = GST
  4. Haan, 32 = fiscal deficit

Solution

  1. Fence

    42nd word Constitution. Zinc RJ. Writ Constitution. Yahan 4.3% / PM-KISAN.

AnswerB

Practice

12345 678910
P1

MGNREGA kitne din / kahan?

  1. 365 din, shehar
  2. 100 din, rural unskilled
  3. 3 din, IAS training
  4. 24 din, Dandi

Solution

  1. 2005 Act

    Demand-driven. Dandi INM.

AnswerB
P2

Budget 2026–27 capex order (PIB)?

  1. ₹6000 hi poora Budget
  2. ~₹12.2 lakh crore public capex
  3. RVUNL Kota TPS
  4. 543 crore seats

Solution

  1. Capital

    Kharch total ~53.5. RVUNL RJ. 543 Constitution.

AnswerB
P3

Railway Budget alag kab band?

  1. 1950 se kabhi alag nahi tha
  2. 2017 se General Budget mein merge
  3. 1991 LPG ke din
  4. 2026 Kartavya Bhawan se pehle

Solution

  1. Jaitley

    1 Feb shift bhi 2017. 2026 sirf building.

AnswerB
P4

Primary deficit?

  1. Fiscal minus interest
  2. GDP minus GST
  3. CPI minus WPI
  4. 543 minus 200

Solution

  1. Naya udhaar

    2026–27 BE ~0.7% GDP (PRS). Formula lock, ank saal.

AnswerA
P5

Ujjwala vs Jal Jeevan vs JDY?

  1. Teenon same LPG
  2. Ujjwala gas, JJM nal, JDY bank account
  3. Teenon zinc
  4. Teenon Art 21A

Solution

  1. Naam

    21A shiksha Constitution. Zinc RJ.

AnswerB
P6

GST Council kis article / kaun head?

  1. 32, CJI
  2. 279A, Union FM Chair + State FMs
  3. 370, Governor RJ
  4. 112, RBI Governor

Solution

  1. Tax club

    Art 279A. Chair = Union FM, PM nahi (PM NITI chair). Vice = State FMs elect. 112 Budget. 32 writ.

AnswerB
P7

Naya Income-tax Act 2025 kab se?

  1. 1 Feb 2026 Budget din se hi poora
  2. 1 April 2026 (Budget speech lock)
  3. 26 Nov 1949
  4. 1 Jul 2017 GST ke saath

Solution

  1. FY start

    Budget announce Feb; lagu Apr. 1961 purana.

AnswerB
P8

NFSA / PDS lock?

  1. 2013 food law, ration kg/person books
  2. PM-JAY hospital
  3. Home Rule 1916
  4. UNESCO forts

Solution

  1. Food

    ~5 kg priority. Antyodaya zyada. Culture/INM nahi.

AnswerA
P9

RBI nationalisation saal?

  1. 1935 setup, 1949 nationalise
  2. 1991 ke saath
  3. 2015 NITI
  4. 1858 Crown

Solution

  1. Do saal

    Hilton Young 1935. 1858 INM/Crown.

AnswerA
P10

Do or Die, 41 zila, Ghoomar. Is chapter?

  1. Haan, teenon GDP
  2. Nahi — INM / administration / culture
  3. Haan, Ghoomar = GST
  4. Haan, 41 = fiscal 4.1

Solution

  1. Alag

    QIM INM. Zile admin. Dance culture. Yahan 4.3% / 6000.

AnswerB

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