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Constitution — Preamble, FRs, DPSP, Parliament

Lesson 26 of 113

Is topic pe kya aata hai

Paper poochta hai: Constitution kab adopt / kab lagu, Preamble mein kaun se teen shabd 42nd se aaye, Art 14–32, DPSP court se nahi, Lok Sabha kitni, Money Bill kaun pass karta, Art 32 kisne dil kaha. Yeh desh ka kanooni dhaancha hai — andolan ki tarikh nahi, Jaipur Vidhan nahi.

Yahan lock

9 Dec 1946 / Prasad / Ambedkar Drafting. 26 Nov 1949 adopt, 26 Jan 1950 lagu. Preamble 42nd: Socialist Secular Integrity. FR 6 (property 300A). DPSP Ireland, Art 37. Duties 51A. Parliament 543 + RS ~245. 352/356/360. Kesavananda basic structure.

Yahan mat ghusao

Dandi, Quit India, 15 Aug — INM (yahan sirf 26 Jan 1930 kyun 1950). 200 seats, HC Jodhpur, 41 zila — administration. Budget numbers, schemes — Indian economy.

Teen 26 Jan: 1930 Purna Swaraj (INM). 1950 Republic / Constitution lagu — yahan. 1949 26 November adopt = Constitution Day, January nahi.

Constituent Assembly — do tarikh

  • Pehli baithak 9 Dec 1946. Temporary president Sachchidananda Sinha (sabse buzurg). Permanent Rajendra Prasad (11 Dec). VP H.C. Mukherjee.
  • Objective Resolution 13 Dec 1946 Nehru → Preamble ki jaan. Pass 22 Jan 1947.
  • Drafting Committee 29 Aug 1947, chairman B.R. Ambedkar (Father of Constitution = drafting, Prasad = Sabha president). Advisor B.N. Rau.
  • Kaam ~2 saal 11 mahine 18 din, 11 sessions. Last sitting 24 Jan 1950 sign.
  • 26 Nov 1949 adopt (Preamble ki date, Constitution Day). 26 Jan 1950 enforce — 1930 wale pledge din ko honour. Pehle kuchh articles (citizenship, elections) 26 Nov se hi.

Asli kitab: 395 articles, 22 parts, 8 schedules. Ab ~448 articles, 25 parts, 12 schedules. Ginti paper ke saal pe; “hamesha 395” trap. Longest written constitution books.

Preamble — identity card

Palkhivala: Constitution ka identity card. Source = We, the People — Queen / Parliament nahi.

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA … SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC … JUSTICE (social, economic, political) … LIBERTY (thought, expression, belief, faith, worship) … EQUALITY (status and opportunity) … FRATERNITY (dignity + unity and integrity) … 26 November 1949.

Socialist 42nd, 1976 Secular koi rajya-dharm nahi Integrity unity ke saath

Teen addition Emergency ke 42nd se. Democratic / Republic pehle se. Sovereign hamesha.

  • Sovereign — bahar ka malik nahi. Republic — head elected, raja nahi (Britain contrast).
  • Berubari 1960: Preamble “part nahi”. Kesavananda 1973: part hai, amend ho sakti par basic structure nahi tod. LIC 1995: integral.
  • Court se Preamble ke ideas “implement karo” order nahi — interpret karne ke liye.

Kahan se uthaya — bag of borrowings

SourceLock
BritainParliamentary, cabinet, single citizenship, rule of law, law-making procedure
USAFRs, Preamble style, judicial review / SC azadi, impeachment, VP
IrelandDPSP, RS nomination, President election method
CanadaStrong centre, residuary Union ke paas, Governor Centre se
AustraliaConcurrent list, joint sitting
USSRFundamental Duties (42nd). FR USA se — yahan nahi.
FranceRepublic + Liberty–Equality–Fraternity
South AfricaAmendment procedure (special majority)
Japan“Procedure established by law” (Art 21 language)
Weimar GermanyEmergency mein FR suspend

Trap. DPSP Ireland, FRs USA. Mix mat. GOI Act 1935 bhi badi skeleton (federation, office of Governor) — “sirf videsh” nahi.

Fundamental Rights — Part III

Art 12–35. State ke khilaf. Originally 7 groups; 44th 1978 property FR se nikaal — ab Art 300A legal right, 32 se writ nahi. Isliye ab 6.

ArtKya
14Equality before law + equal protection. Sab persons (citizen-only nahi).
15–16Bhedbhav / naukri. Reservation exception. Sirf citizen.
17Untouchability khatam.
196 azadiyan (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession). Property wali 7th gayi.
20Ex post facto, double jeopardy, self-incrimination — emergency mein bhi nahi chhinte.
21Life + personal liberty. Maneka ke baad “jeene ka haq” bada. 21A education 6–14, 86th 2002.
23–24Begar / child labour.
25–28Dharm — profess, practise, propagate. Secular yahan operate.
29–30Minority bhasha-sanskriti, apna school.
32SC writ: habeas, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, quo warranto. Ambedkar: heart and soul. 226 HC.

Sirf citizen: 15, 16, 19, 29, 30. Foreigner ko bhi 14, 20, 21. Art 13 — FR ke viruddh kanoon void.

DPSP aur Duties

Part IV Art 36–51. Ireland. Art 37: court enforce nahi, phir bhi sarkar ka farz. FR vs DPSP: Minerva Mills — balance, DPSP ko FR pe 42nd wala “hamesha upar” nahi.

  • 40 gram panchayat — 73rd ne daant diya. RJ 3-tier / 50% women administration pe.
  • 44 Uniform Civil Code — abhi Directive, FR nahi.
  • 45 pehle 14 saal tak shiksha; 86th ke baad 6 saal se pehle early childhood (6–14 ab 21A FR).
  • 48 gau / kheti. 48A / 51A(g) paryavaran — 42nd. Jungle-park names wildlife pe.
  • 50 judiciary alag. 51 international shanti.

Part IVA Art 51A Duties — 42nd 1976, Swaran Singh, USSR flavour. Pehle 10; 86th 11th: maa-baap 6–14 school bheje. Court se seedha claim kam; 51A interpret mein.

Parliament — Art 79

President + Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha. President House mein baithta nahi; bill pe assent / ordinance 123 / dissolve LS.

Lok SabhaRajya Sabha
NaamHouse of the PeopleCouncil of States
Ginti543 elected. Purani book 545 = +2 Anglo-Indian; 104th 2019 (2020 se) nomination band.Max 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated). Ab ~245.
Kaal5 saal, dissolve ho saktiPermanent; 1/3 har 2 saal
UmraMLA/MP 2530
HeadSpeakerVP = ex-officio Chairman
Money Bill 110Yahan introduce; last word14 din, reject nahi permanently
No-confidenceYahanNahi
  • Quorum 1/10. Joint sitting Art 108 — deadlock ordinary bill; Money/Constitution amend pe nahi. Speaker preside.
  • PM Art 75 — LS majority. Collective responsibility LS ko.
  • Vote 18 saal — 61st 1988 (pehle 21).
  • RJ se LS 25 / RS 10 / Vidhan 200 — administration. Yahan 543.

Union of States Art 1 — federation word nahi. Centre strong (Canada). States tod nahi sakte (USA compact nahi).

Emergency, amend, schedules

  • 352 National — war / external aggression / armed rebellion (44th; pehle “internal disturbance”). 1962, 1971, 1975 teen baar.
  • Emergency mein FR: 352 pe Art 19 suspend ho sakta. 44th ke baad Art 20 aur 21 nahi chhinte (359). “Saare FR band” galat.
  • 356 President’s rule state. 360 Financial — abhi use nahi. Bommai: 356 review ho sakta, secularism basic.
  • Art 368 amend: simple / special / special+states. State Vidhan se Constitution bill start nahi.
  • Kesavananda 24 Apr 1973 basic structure — Parliament sab kuchh nahi gira sakti. 42nd “mini Constitution” Emergency. 44th Janata ne kuchh wapas.
  • Schedules: asli 8, ab 12. 7th Union/State/Concurrent. 8th bhasha 22 (asli 14). 9th 1st amend zameen. 10th 52nd defection. 11–12 73rd/74th panchayat-nagar.
  • 101 GST. 103 EWS 10%. 104 Anglo-Indian LS/VS nomination band.

Q-bank

Q1

Constitution adopt vs lagu?

  1. Dono 15 Aug 1947
  2. 26 Nov 1949 adopt; 26 Jan 1950 lagu
  3. Dono 26 Jan 1930
  4. 30 Mar 1949

Solution

  1. Do din

    November Constitution Day. January Republic — 1930 pledge honour. 15 Aug INM. 30 Mar RJ history.

AnswerB
Q2

Preamble mein 42nd ne kya joda?

  1. Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
  2. Socialist, Secular, Integrity
  3. Godawan, Khejri
  4. Quit India

Solution

  1. Teen shabd

    Pehle Sovereign Democratic Republic. Unity ke saath integrity. A pehle se.

AnswerB
Q3

Ambedkar ne “heart and soul” kis article ko kaha?

  1. Art 1 Union
  2. Art 32 SC writ / FR remedy
  3. Art 368 amend
  4. Art 370

Solution

  1. Remedy

    Bina 32 FR kagaz. Palkhivala Preamble ko identity card — alag quote.

AnswerB
Q4

DPSP kis desh se, court?

  1. USA, turant writ
  2. Ireland, Art 37 — court enforce nahi
  3. Britain, Money Bill
  4. RJ Vidhan 200

Solution

  1. Directive

    FR USA. 200 administration.

AnswerB
Q5

Right to Property aaj?

  1. Ab bhi Art 19/31 FR, 32 se writ
  2. 44th ke baad Art 300A legal right, FR nahi
  3. Kabhi tha hi nahi
  4. Sirf 21A

Solution

  1. 6 FR

    21A shiksha. Property constitutional/legal, fundamental nahi.

AnswerB
Q6

Lok Sabha current elected + Anglo-Indian trap?

  1. 200, unicameral RJ
  2. 543 elected; +2 nomination 104th se band
  3. 250, RS jaisi
  4. 395 articles

Solution

  1. Purani 545

    104th 2019. 200 RJ Vidhan. 250 RS max.

AnswerB
Q7

Money Bill Art 110 sahi?

  1. RS introduce, LS 14 din
  2. Sirf LS introduce; RS 14 din, last LS
  3. Joint sitting zaroori
  4. President khud pass

Solution

  1. Speaker certify

    108 joint ordinary deadlock pe. Money pe nahi.

AnswerB
Q8

Kesavananda Bharati 1973?

  1. Preamble part nahi (sirf Berubari)
  2. Parliament amend kar sakti par basic structure nahi tod
  3. 42nd ne Preamble hata di
  4. Dandi legal

Solution

  1. 13-judge

    Berubari purana. Preamble 42nd mein jodi shabd, hatai nahi.

AnswerB
Q9

Fundamental Duties?

  1. Asli 1950, Part III
  2. 42nd, Art 51A; 86th se 11th (school)
  3. Ireland DPSP hi duty hai
  4. Quit India resolution

Solution

  1. USSR / Swaran Singh

    Part IVA. FR Part III alag. 10+1.

AnswerB
Q10

8 Aug 1942, 30 March Diwas, Godawan. Is chapter?

  1. Haan, teenon Preamble
  2. Nahi — INM / RJ history / wildlife
  3. Haan, Diwas = 26 Nov
  4. Haan, Godawan = Art 48A park list

Solution

  1. Fence

    QIM INM. Diwas unification. Bustard wildlife. 48A sirf paryavaran line.

AnswerB

Practice

12345 678910
P1

Drafting Committee chairman?

  1. Rajendra Prasad
  2. B.R. Ambedkar
  3. Nehru
  4. Hume

Solution

  1. Do president

    Prasad Sabha. Nehru Objective Resolution. Hume INC 1885.

AnswerB
P2

Art 21A kis amend se?

  1. 42nd Mini Constitution
  2. 86th, 6–14 shiksha FR
  3. 44th property
  4. 61st vote 18

Solution

  1. RTE

    45 ab early childhood. 61st franchise. 44th 300A.

AnswerB
P3

National emergency article + 44th word?

  1. 356, internal disturbance jaari
  2. 352, armed rebellion (pehle internal disturbance)
  3. 360, har saal
  4. 32, writ

Solution

  1. Teen emergency

    356 state. 360 financial kabhi nahi laga. 1975 wala 352.

AnswerB
P4

Rajya Sabha kaal / ginti idea?

  1. 5 saal dissolve, 543
  2. Permanent House, max 250, 12 nominated
  3. Unicameral 200
  4. Quorum 50% hamesha

Solution

  1. Upper

    1/3 retire. 200 RJ. Quorum 1/10.

AnswerB
P5

7th Schedule?

  1. 22 bhashayen
  2. Union, State, Concurrent lists
  3. Anti-defection
  4. Panchayat 29 vishay

Solution

  1. Teen list

    8th language. 10th defection. 11th 73rd.

AnswerB
P6

UCC kaun sa article?

  1. 14 FR
  2. 44 DPSP
  3. 32 writ
  4. 370

Solution

  1. Directive

    Abhi kanoon nahi FR. Court “pass karo” 44 se seedha nahi.

AnswerB
P7

Constituent Assembly pehli baithak?

  1. 15 Aug 1947 Nehru PM
  2. 9 Dec 1946, temporary Sinha
  3. 26 Jan 1950 Prasad President of India
  4. 1885 Bombay INC

Solution

  1. Do Prasad

    1946 Sabha. 1950 Republic head alag din. C lagu din.

AnswerB
P8

Joint sitting kab nahi?

  1. Ordinary bill deadlock — ho sakta
  2. Money Bill aur Constitution amendment — nahi
  3. Hamesha roz
  4. Sirf Vidhan Parishad RJ

Solution

  1. 108

    RJ Parishad nahi. Speaker preside.

AnswerB
P9

42nd ko mini Constitution kyun?

  1. Sirf ek comma
  2. Preamble + Duties + DPSP weight + aur bhi dher changes, Emergency 1976
  3. 104th Anglo-Indian
  4. Dandi namak

Solution

  1. Indira

    44th ne kuchh kaata. Mini = bahut saare tukde ek saath.

AnswerB
P10

HC Jodhpur, IGNP 649, Ghoomar. Is chapter?

  1. Haan, teenon Art 32
  2. Nahi — administration / economy / culture
  3. Haan, Jodhpur = Supreme Court
  4. Haan, Ghoomar = Liberty of dance FR

Solution

  1. Alag

    Nyay RJ admin. Nahar economy. Dance culture. Yahan SC 32 / Parliament 543.

AnswerB

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