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Noteclass 11 12

Cleft sentences

Lesson 60 of 84

B2

Cleft = ek hissa highlight: It was Ravi who brought the samosas. Identifying who (kaunsa person) = 43. Inversion Never have I = 58. whose / whom / word hataana = 61.

1. Kya hai

Normal: Ravi brought the samosas. Cleft: It was Ravi who brought the samosas. — Ravi pe zor. It yahan khali jagah wala word hai (karta nahi), mausam wala it nahi.

Normal Cleft
Ravi brought the samosas. It was Ravi who brought the samosas.
I want chai. It is chai that I want. / What I want is chai.
I only waited. All I did was wait.

2. It is / was + focus + who / that

Focus (zor) Joiner Example
person who / that It was Ravi who called. It wasn't me who broke it.
thing that It is chai that I want, not coffee.
place / time that It was at the station that I lost my phone. It was yesterday that we met.
not until that It was not until 11 pm that the train left. (58 = Not until 11 pm did the train leave.)

Exam: time/place ke baad that, nahi when / where is cleft me. Log: who (ya that). which logon pe nahi. Sawal: Was it Ravi who called? who ke baad verb focus se milta hai: It is the players who are late. (51, halka)

3. What / All / The person

Form Example
What + clause + is / was What I need is a glass of water. What happened was that the metro shut.
All + clause + is / was + asal verb All I want is chai. All he did was wait. (to wait nahi)
The person who… / The thing that… The person who called was Papa. The thing that delayed us was the fog.

Reverse bhi: Chai is what I want. What I need is rest sawal nahi (17). Full stop. whose / whom = 61. Walking to the station, I… = 59.

4. Examples

Bold = is page ki form yaad rakho.

  1. It was Ravi who brought the samosas.
  2. It is chai that I want, not coffee.
  3. It was at the station that I lost my phone.
  4. It was yesterday that we met Amma.
  5. It wasn't the fog that delayed us; it was the signal.
  6. It wasn't me who broke the window.
  7. Was it Ravi who called?
  8. It was not until 11 pm that the train left.
  9. It is the OTP that you must not share.
  10. What I need is a glass of water.
  11. What happened was that the metro shut at 11.
  12. All I want is an extra five minutes.
  13. All he did was wait near the gate.
  14. The person who called was Papa.
  15. Chai is what I want.

5. Common mistakes

It was Ravi which brought the samosas.
It was Ravi who brought the samosas. / It was Ravi that…
It was yesterday when we met. (exam cleft)
It was yesterday that we met.
It was at the station where I lost my phone. (exam cleft)
It was at the station that I lost my phone.
What I need is? / What I need rest.
What I need is rest.
All he did was to wait. / All he did were wait.
All he did was wait.
It were Ravi who called. / It is the players who is late.
It was Ravi who called. It is the players who are late.
It was not until 11 pm did the train left. (58 aur 60 dono ek saath mat lagao)
It was not until 11 pm that the train left. / Not until 11 pm did the train leave. (58)
The man who sat near the door is Papa. (as 60 core)
That = 43 relative. Cleft: It was Papa who sat near the door.
Hindi note. Zor us piece pe jise aage nikalna hai: It was + woh + who/that. Log = who. Cheez / time / place cleft = that. What I need is… = mujhe jo chahiye, woh hai… Sawal nahi. All I did was + seedha verb.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. It was Ravi ______ brought the samosas.
2. It is chai ______ I want.
3. ______ I need is rest.
4. All he did ______ wait.
5. It ______ yesterday that we met.
6. It was at the station ______ I saw him. (exam)
7. It was not until 11 pm ______ the train left.
8. What happened ______ that the metro shut.
9. It wasn't me ______ broke it.
10. It is the players who ______ late.

B. 5 fill-in

1. It was Ravi ______ brought the samosas.

2. It is chai ______ I want.

3. ______ I need is rest.

4. All he did ______ wait.

5. Sahi karo: It was Ravi which brought the samosas.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek It was who, ek What, ek All.

  1. It was: It was Ravi who brought the samosas.
  2. What: What I need is a glass of water.
  3. All: All I want is a cup of chai.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) who — person. which = cheez. what = What-cleft start.
  2. a) that — thing cleft. who = person. what nahi is slot me.
  3. b) What — What I need is. That I need is galat. It I need is nahi.
  4. b) was — All he did was + asal verb. were galat. is to = to extra.
  5. a) was — past meeting. is = now. were with it nahi.
  6. b) that — exam place cleft = that. where = 43 relative. who = person.
  7. b) that — it-cleft. did = 58 ki form, yahan extra nahi. when = exam me mat lagao.
  8. a) was — What happened was that. were plural. is it sawal, yahan nahi.
  9. a) who — person. which / what galat.
  10. b) are — who = players. is / was = it se mat uljhao, 51.
Fill-in
  1. who / that — person cleft.
  2. that — thing.
  3. What — What I need is.
  4. was — All he did was wait.
  5. It was Ravi who brought the samosas. — not which.
Model sentences
  1. It was Ravi who brought the samosas.
  2. What I need is a glass of water.
  3. All I want is a cup of chai.

Check: It is/was + focus + who (log) / that (cheez, time, place); What… is; All… was + asal verb; not until that = 60, did = 58; kaunsa person who = 43; whose/whom/hatao = 61; participle = 59; khali it ≠ mausam it (15).