noteswale
Noteclass 11 12

Inversion & emphasis

Lesson 58 of 84

B2

Inversion = negative word shuru → helping verb + karta (Never have I). Sawal nahi. Full stop. Zor: I do want / So do I. Had I known = 54 ka matlab, yahan form. Cleft It was John who… = 60. Sawal me helping verb pehle = 17. Tags = 33.

1. Kya hai

Normal: I have never seen such rain. — palatna nahi. Shuru: Never have I seen such rain. — exam me yahi form. Yeh sawal nahi hai. Full stop. Formal / written / exam transformation.

Normal Inverted
I have never seen this. Never have I seen this.
If I had known, I would have called. Had I known, I would have called.
I like chai too. So do I.

2. Negative word first → helping verb + karta

Shuru Form
Never / Rarely / Seldom Never have I seen… Rarely does the metro run empty.
Hardly / Scarcely Hardly had I sat down when Amma called.
No sooner No sooner had I arrived than it rained.
Not only Not only did she cook, but she also cleaned.
Not until / Only then / Only when Not until 11 pm did the train leave. Only then did I understand.
Under no circumstances Under no circumstances should you share the OTP.
Little / Nowhere Little did I know. Nowhere have I found a seat.

Helping verb (be / have / do) nahi ho to do / does / did lagao: Never did I think the shop would shut. never beech me ho to palatna mat: I have never seen… already sahi. No sooner + than (not when / then). Hardly + when.

3. Had I known / So do I / do-emphasis

If wali form (40 / 54) If hatao — inversion
If I had known… (54) Had I known, I would have called.
If I were you… (40) Were I you, I would wait.
If you need help… Should you need help, call me.

If had I known / Had I have known galat. Wish = 57 (I wish I had known — yahan palatna nahi).

Use Example
So do I / Neither do I "I love cricket." "So do I." "I don't eat onions." "Neither do I."
do / does / did se zor I do want chai. She did come. (not a question)

So I do / So I also galat. I do can swim galat — can already helping verb; do mat lagao. Do sit down = 28. Cleft It was Ravi who… = 60.

4. Examples

Bold = inversion / emphasis.

  1. Never have I seen such a crowd at the station.
  2. Rarely does the metro run empty at 9 am.
  3. Hardly had I sat down when Amma called.
  4. No sooner had the rain stopped than the match started.
  5. Not only did Ravi bring samosas, but he also made chai.
  6. Not until 11 pm did the train leave.
  7. Only then did I understand the form.
  8. Under no circumstances should you share the OTP.
  9. Little did I know the shop was shut.
  10. Had I known about the strike, I would have left earlier.
  11. Were I you, I would take the local.
  12. Should you need a pen, there is one on the desk.
  13. I do want another cup of chai.
  14. "I love cricket." "So do I."
  15. "I don't eat onions." "Neither do I."

5. Common mistakes

Never I have seen such rain. / Never I saw.
Never have I seen such rain. / I have never seen such rain.
No sooner I arrived when it rained. / No sooner than I arrived.
No sooner had I arrived than it rained.
Not only she cooked, but she also cleaned.
Not only did she cook, but she also cleaned.
Hardly I had sat down than Amma called.
Hardly had I sat down when Amma called.
Had I have known. / If had I known.
Had I known, I would have called. / If I had known… (54)
Only then I understood. / Never I did see.
Only then did I understand.
So I do. / So I also. / I do can swim.
So do I. I can swim. / I do like swimming.
Never have I seen? / It was the rain that delayed us. (as 58 core)
Never have I seen such rain. (statement) Cleft = 60.
Hindi note. Negative word bilkul start pe ho tab hi helping verb palatna: have I / did she / should you. Beech wala never mat palatna. No sooner = than. Hardly = when. OTP / hukum: Under no circumstances should you…

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. Never ______ I seen such rain.
2. No sooner had I arrived ______ it started raining.
3. Not only ______ cook, but she also cleaned.
4. Hardly had I sat down ______ Amma called.
5. ______ I known, I would have called.
6. Only then ______ the problem.
7. Under no circumstances ______ the OTP.
8. "I like chai." "______."
9. I ______ want another cup. (zor)
10. ______ I you, I would wait.

B. 5 fill-in

1. Never ______ I seen such a crowd.

2. No sooner had I arrived ______ it started raining.

3. Not only ______ she bring samosas, but she also made chai.

4. ______ I known, I would have called.

5. Sahi karo: Never I have seen such rain.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek Never have, ek Had I known, ek So do I.

  1. Never: Never have I seen such a crowd at the station.
  2. Had I: Had I known, I would have called.
  3. So do I: "I love cricket." "So do I."

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) have — Never + have I. I have = palatna nahi. having = -ing, 59.
  2. b) than — no sooner + than. when = hardly. then = time word; spelling galti than ≠ then.
  3. b) did she — Not only + helping verb + karta. she / she did = palatna nahi.
  4. b) when — hardly + when. than = no sooner. then = time, yahan nahi.
  5. b) Had — Had I known = 54 matlab, 58 form. If I known galat. Have I known ≠ 3rd.
  6. b) did I understand — Only then + did + karta. I understood = palatna nahi.
  7. b) should you share — negative word shuru + should + karta.
  8. b) So do I — helping verb + karta. So I do galat.
  9. a) do — zor, sawal nahi. am / have don't fit want.
  10. b) Were — Were I you = If I were you (40). If I you galat. Was I you nahi.
Fill-in
  1. have — Never have I.
  2. than — no sooner than.
  3. did — Not only did she.
  4. Had — Had I known. had bhi OK.
  5. Never have I seen such rain. / I have never seen such rain.
Model sentences
  1. Never have I seen such a crowd at the station.
  2. Had I known, I would have called.
  3. "I love cricket." "So do I."

Check: shuru pe never/rarely/not only/only then → helping verb + karta; no sooner + than; hardly + when; Had I known (no if); Were I you; Should you need; So do I / Neither do I; I do want; beech me never = palatna nahi; questions = 17; tags = 33; cleft = 60; wish I had known = 57; 3rd if = 54; having + V3 = 59.