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Noteclass 11 12

Mixed conditionals + 3rd conditional

Lesson 54 of 84

B2

3rd conditional = past ka pachhtaava: If + had + V3, would have + V3. V3 = verb ka 3rd form (known, gone, slept). Mixed = past ka kaaran, abhi ka result — ya ulta (abhi ki baat, pehle ka result). 0 / 1 / 2, unless, If I were you = 40 (yahan core nahi). wish / if only = 57. Had I known form = 58. must have (andaza) = 72. had + V3 tense map = 36.

1. Kya hai

Yahan past: jo hua nahi, uska pachhtaava. 2nd (40) = abhi/kal ka sapna. 3rd = pehle wala scene, ab change nahi ho sakta.

If-clause (shart) Result Time
2 (40) past (had a car) would + base unreal now / future (abhi nahi / sapna)
3 past perfect (had gone) = pehle ka past would have + V3 unreal past (jo hua nahi)

If I had a car = 2 (paas nahi, abhi). If I had gone = 3 (gaya nahi, kal).

2. 3rd conditional

Form: If + had + V3, would have + V3. If-clause (shart) me would have nahi.

Form Example
Positive If I had known, I would have called.
Negative If it hadn't rained, we would have played.
Result first I would have waited if she had told me. (no comma)
had had If I had had a ticket, I would have gone. (do had: pehle ka have + V3 of have)

Kam pakka result: could have / might have (45 pehle padha): If she had asked, I might have helped. Andaza must have = 72, yahan nahi.

Short: I'd have called = I would have called. Exam me yahi aksar full: would have.

Had I known, I would have called. = same 3rd, if hatao, had shuru. Form = 58. V3 of get = got (British English, gotten nahi): If I had got up at six…

3. Mixed

If ek time ki baat, result doosre time ka. Dono times alag ho sakte hain.

Type If Result Example
Past → now 3rd (had + V3) 2nd (would + base) + now If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired now.
Now → past 2nd (past) 3rd (would have + V3) If I weren't busy, I would have gone to the wedding.

Past → now: kal ki galti, aaj ka haal. Now → past: abhi wala character / dar / job, kal ka result.

If I were rich, I would help = 2 (40). If I had been rich then, I would have helped = 3. If I were rich, I would have helped last year = mixed now → past.

I wish I had known = 57, if-clause nahi.

4. Examples

Bold = is page ki form yaad rakho.

  1. If I had known, I would have called. (3)
  2. If we had left at six, we would have caught the train. (3)
  3. If it hadn't rained, we would have played cricket. (3)
  4. If I had studied, I would have passed. (3)
  5. I would have waited if she had told me. (3, result first)
  6. If I had had a ticket, I would have gone. (3)
  7. If I had got up at six, I wouldn't have missed the bus. (3)
  8. If she had asked, I might have helped. (3, soft)
  9. If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired now. (mixed past → now)
  10. If we had booked, we would be on that train now. (mixed)
  11. If I weren't busy, I would have gone to the wedding. (mixed now → past)
  12. If he had a scooter, he would have picked us up. (mixed)
  13. If I had known Diwali was today, I would be at Amma's now. (mixed)
  14. If they had called off the match, we would have stayed home. (3)
  15. Had I known, I would have called. (3rd; form = 58)

5. Common mistakes

If I would have known, I would have called.
If I had known, I would have called. (if-clause me would have nahi)
If I had have gone. / If I had knew.
If I had gone. / If I had known. (had + V3; knew V3 nahi)
I would of called. / I would of gone.
I would have called. / I would have gone. ('ve = have; of nahi)
If I knew the train time yesterday, I would have left. (past fact)
If I had known the train time, I would have left. knew = 2nd (abhi sapna, 40). yesterday = 3rd.
If I had gone, I would see him. (pure past story, no now)
If I had gone, I would have seen him. (3) / I would see him now. (mixed)
If I had a ticket yesterday, I would go. (have ka 3rd)
If I had had a ticket, I would have gone.
If I had a car, I would have driven to work every day. (matlab: abhi car nahi, aadat)
If I had a car, I would drive to work. (2 = 40). 3rd = ek past trip.
I wish I had known. (yahan naya core nahi)
wish = 57. Yahan If I had known, I would have called.
Hindi note. 3rd: dono halves past — had + V3 aur would have + V3. If ke andar would have mat dalo. would of mat likho — 've = have. Mixed: kal ki shart + aaj ka result, ya aaj ki shart + kal ka result. now word help karta hai. 2nd had a car (paas nahi, abhi) ≠ 3rd had gone (gaya nahi, pehle).

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. If I ______, I would have called. (3rd)
2. If we had left at six, we ______ the train.
3. If it ______ rained, we would have played cricket.
4. If I had a car, I ______ to work. (2nd, 40 — abhi sapna)
5. If I had slept, I ______ tired now. (mixed past → now)
6. Sahi if-clause chuno.
7. If I ______ a ticket, I would have gone. (have, 3rd)
8. I would have waited if she ______ me.
9. If I weren't busy, I ______ to the wedding. (mixed now → past)
10. If I knew the answer now, I ______ you. (2nd, not 3rd)

B. 5 fill-in

1. If I ______, I would have called. (had known)

2. If we had left at six, we ______ the train. (would have caught)

3. If I had slept, I ______ tired now. (mixed, negative)

4. If I ______ a ticket, I would have gone. (had had)

5. Sahi karo: If I would have known, I would have called.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek 3rd, ek mixed past→now, ek mixed now→past.

  1. 3rd: If I had known, I would have called.
  2. mixed past → now: If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired now.
  3. mixed now → past: If I weren't busy, I would have gone to the wedding.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) had known — 3rd if = had + V3. knew = 2nd (40). would know galat.
  2. a) would have caught — 3rd result. would catch = 2nd. will = 1st (40).
  3. b) hadn't — if me hadn't + V3. wouldn't result me. didn't = 2nd jaisa.
  4. b) would drive — 2nd now (40). would have driven = ek past trip.
  5. a) wouldn't be — mixed, result abhi. wouldn't have been = sirf 3rd past.
  6. b) If I had known — if me would have nahi. had knew = galat V3.
  7. a) had had — have ka past perfect (do had). had a ticket = 2nd, abhi.
  8. a) had told — 3rd if, result pehle. told = 2nd.
  9. b) would have gone — abhi busy, kal ki shaadi. would go = abhi/kal abhi bhi.
  10. a) would tell — now + knew = 2nd. would have told = pehle ka event.
Fill-in
  1. had known — 3rd if.
  2. would have caught — we'd have bhi OK.
  3. wouldn't be — now. would not be bhi OK.
  4. had had — have ka past perfect (do had).
  5. If I had known, I would have called. — if me had, result me would have.
Model sentences
  1. If I had known, I would have called.
  2. If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired now.
  3. If I weren't busy, I would have gone to the wedding.

Check: 3rd = had + V3 / would have + V3; if me would have nahi; had had; mixed past→now = would + now; mixed now→past = would have; 0/1/2 = 40; wish = 57; Had I known = 58; must have (andaza) = 72; got = V3 of get.