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Noteclass 9 10

Articles (advanced)

Lesson 46 of 84

B1

Zero article = koi a / an / the nahi. Unique nouns = ek hi (the sun). Map pe naam (nadi, pahad-line, USA). Basic a / an / the = topic 04. School pe extra the = I1. Superlative = topic 24.

1. Kya hai

Zero article = noun ke pehle koi a / an / the nahi. General idea (saari cheezein / pani jaisi noun) aksar zero. Unique = duniya me ek hi, isliye the: the sun. Map: nadi, samudra, pahad-line, desh-group aksar the.

I like mangoes. / We visited the Ganga. / She lives in India.

Gini jaaye vs pani jaisi noun = topic 20. Yahan sirf article.

2. Zero article

Jagah Zero (general) the (khaas / yeh wala)
Plural Dogs are loyal. I like mangoes. The mangoes in this bag are sweet.
Uncountable Water is important. Life is short. The water in this bottle is cold.
Meals have breakfast / lunch / dinner The lunch Amma packed was rice.
Languages / subjects She speaks Hindi. He studies history. The English of this notice is wrong.
Sports play cricket / football — (general sport pe the nahi)
By + vehicle by bus, by train, by auto on the bus (us bus pe)
TV / radio watch television / watch TV on the radio; listen to the radio

Instrument: British aksar play the tabla / the guitar. Sport pe the nahi; instrument pe the — dono ek saath mat socho.

Institution Zero = role / habit (British) the = building / visit
school I go to school. (student — topic 04; extra = I1) I went to the school to meet the teacher.
university She's at university. The university is near the station.
hospital He's in hospital. (patient) We went to the hospital to visit him.
prison / church in prison; go to church (worship) the prison / the church (building)
work / home / bed at work, at home, in bed the work on this file (khaas kaam)

American writing me in the hospital patient ke liye bhi common. Is site pe British: patient = in hospital.

3. Unique nouns / map ke naam

the Examples
Rivers, seas, oceans, canals the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Thames, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Suez Canal
Ranges, deserts, island groups the Himalayas, the Alps, the Thar, the Sahara, the Andamans, the Maldives
Republics / unions / plural names the USA, the UK, the UAE, the Netherlands
Unique (ek hi) the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the equator, the internet, the government
Newspapers; same / only / first the Times of India; the same bag; the only ticket; the first bus
Zero Examples
Most countries, cities, continents India, Japan, France; Delhi, Pune; Asia, Europe
Most streets, lakes, single mountains / islands MG Road; Chilika Lake / Lake Chilika; Mount Everest, K2; Sri Lanka
People, most companies Ravi, Amma; Infosys (topic 04 names). Famous building: the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort (topic 04)

Yaad rakho: nadi / range / desh-group = the. Seedha desh / sheher / ek pahad ka naam = zero. Exception chhoti hai (the Hague, the Punjab kabhi) — pehle map yaad karo.

the poor / the injured = poora group. Yahan sirf note. Cinema: go to the cinema (British).

4. Examples

Bold = article, ya zero (bracket).

  1. I like mangoes. (zero — general)
  2. Water is important. (zero)
  3. We had breakfast at seven. (zero)
  4. She speaks Hindi and English. (zero)
  5. They play cricket at the weekend. (zero sport)
  6. I go to work by bus.
  7. He plays the tabla.
  8. She's at university in Pune. (zero — student)
  9. Ravi is in hospital. (patient, British)
  10. We visited the Ganga at Varanasi.
  11. They trekked in the Himalayas.
  12. My uncle lives in the USA.
  13. She lives in India. (zero)
  14. Mount Everest is in the Himalayas. (zero + the range)
  15. That's the same auto we took yesterday.

5. Common mistakes

the India / the Delhi / the Asia
India / Delhi / Asia
Ganga is holy. / Himalaya are high.
The Ganga is holy. / The Himalayas are high.
the USA nahi? → USA is big. / the Mount Everest
The USA is big. / Mount Everest (zero)
I play the cricket. / She speaks the Hindi.
I play cricket. / She speaks Hindi. (the tabla = instrument)
I have the breakfast at eight.
I have breakfast at eight.
I like the mangoes. (saare mango, general)
I like mangoes. / The mangoes in this bag are sweet.
He is in the hospital. (patient, British)
He is in hospital. Visit: We went to the hospital.
I go to the school every day. / a university student? She's in the university. (role)
I go to school. (I1 extra). She's at university.
Hindi note. General plural / uncountable / khana / bhasha / khel = zero. Nadi, samudra, pahad-line, USA/UK = the. Desh, sheher, ek pahad ka naam = zero. Patient British = in hospital. Sport zero; instrument the. Roz school = topic 04 / I1.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. We visited ______ at Varanasi.
2. She lives in ______.
3. They play ______ at the weekend.
4. My uncle lives in ______.
5. Ravi is a patient. British: He is ______.
6. They trekked in ______.
7. We had ______ at seven.
8. He plays ______ (instrument).
9. She speaks ______.
10. ______ is in the Himalayas. (one mountain)

B. 5 fill-in

1. We visited ______ Ganga. (article)

2. She lives in ______. (country: India)

3. Patient, British: He is ______. (in + hospital)

4. My uncle lives in ______ USA.

5. Sahi karo: I play the cricket at the weekend.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek zero (sport/country), ek the + nadi/range, ek British in hospital.

  1. zero country or sport: She lives in India.
  2. the + river or range: We visited the Ganga.
  3. in hospital (patient): Ravi is in hospital.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. b) the Ganga — river = the. Ganga / a Ganga galat.
  2. a) India — zyada desh = zero. the India galat (topic 04).
  3. c) cricket — sport pe the nahi. Instrument pe the (tabla).
  4. a) the USA — union naam = the. USA bina the exam me galat.
  5. b) in hospital — British patient. the hospital = visit / building. School wala I1 yahan core nahi.
  6. c) the Himalayas — range = the + plural. Himalaya / Himalayas bina the nahi.
  7. a) breakfast — meals zero. the breakfast tab jab khaas meal.
  8. b) the tabla — instrument the. Sport cricket zero alag.
  9. c) Hindi — language zero.
  10. a) Mount Everest — one mountain zero. Range = the Himalayas.
Fill-in
  1. the — river.
  2. India — country zero. the India nahi.
  3. in hospital — British patient.
  4. the — the USA.
  5. I play cricket at the weekend. — sport pe the nahi. at the weekend = topic 26.
Model sentences
  1. She lives in India.
  2. We visited the Ganga.
  3. Ravi is in hospital.

Check: general plural / pani-jaisi / khana / bhasha / khel = zero; nadi / samudra / range / USA-UK = the; sheher / desh / ek pahad = zero; instrument the; patient in hospital; school aadat = topic 04 / I1; a/an = topic 04; superlative = topic 24.