noteswale
Noteclass 9 10

Relative clauses — who, which, that

Lesson 43 of 84

B1

Relative clause = extra baat jodna: who / which / that (kaun / kaunsa). Yahan defining (kaunsa person / cheez): the boy who lives next door. whose / whom / word hataana = 61. Comma wali extra info = 67.

1. Kya hai

Do short sentences ko jodna, taaki pata chale kaunsa person / cheez. Relative word noun ke turant baad. Question Who…? = 17. Yahan question nahi.

I know a girl. She plays cricket. → I know a girl who plays cricket.

This is the phone. Amma bought it. → This is the phone that Amma bought.

2. who / which / that

Word Use Example
who log the boy who lives next door
which cheezein / jaanwar the phone which Amma bought
that defining (kaunsa) me log ya cheezein the boy that… / the phone that…

Clause ka subject relative word hai — doosra he / she / it / they mat jodo. Verb noun ke hisaab se: the boy who lives / the people who live.

Object bhi ho sakta hai: the film that we watched. Is page pe who / which / that rakho. Word hataana = 61.

3. that: relative vs said that

After that = Example
said / told jodne wala (42) He said that he was tired.
noun (person / cheez) relative (43) the book that I bought

Bina comma: yeh clause batata hai kaunsa. My brother, who lives in Pune, … (extra info + comma) = 67. whose / whom = 61. Independent vs dependent map = 50.

4. Examples

Bold = relative.

  1. The boy who lives next door is Ravi.
  2. I know a woman who makes excellent chai.
  3. She is the girl who won the match.
  4. The people who live here are friendly.
  5. He is the player who scored the last run.
  6. This is the phone that Amma bought.
  7. The auto that we took was slow.
  8. Cricket is a game that many people watch.
  9. Diwali is a festival that we celebrate at home.
  10. The shop that is near the station sells notebooks.
  11. These are the shoes which I wore yesterday.
  12. The cow that stands near the temple is very calm.
  13. I watched a film that was very long.
  14. This is the bag which Ravi left on the bus.
  15. The teacher who taught us English is in Pune.

5. Common mistakes

The boy which lives next door is Ravi.
The boy who lives next door is Ravi. / The boy that lives next door…
The book who is on the table is mine.
The book which is on the table is mine. / The book that is on the table…
The boy who he lives next door is my cousin.
The boy who lives next door is my cousin.
I know a girl she plays cricket.
I know a girl who plays cricket.
The people which live here are kind.
The people who live here are kind. / The people that live here…
the book what I bought
the book that I bought / the book which I bought
Who lives next door is Ravi. (question shape)
The boy who lives next door is Ravi. / Who lives next door? = 17.
the man whose / whom / the film we watched (hataana)
whose / whom / word hataana = 61. Comma extra info = 67. Yahan who / which / that rakho.
Hindi note. Socho "jo": log = who / that; cheez = which / that. which log ke liye nahi. who phone / book ke liye nahi. who he lives double subject. Relative noun ke baad. He said that… = 42 jodne wala, noun ke baad that = yeh page.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. The boy ______ lives next door is Ravi.
2. This is the phone ______ Amma bought.
3. I know a girl ______ plays cricket.
4. Cricket is a game ______ many people watch.
5. The people ______ live here are kind.
6. The boy who ______ next door is my cousin.
7. He said ______ he was tired. (jodne wala after said)
8. The auto ______ we took was slow.
9. She is the woman ______ makes chai.
10. These are the shoes ______ I wore yesterday.

B. 5 fill-in

1. The boy ______ lives next door is Ravi. (person)

2. This is the phone ______ Amma bought. (thing)

3. I know a girl ______ plays cricket.

4. The boy who ______ next door is my cousin. (live)

5. Sahi karo: The book who is on the table is mine.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek who, ek which/that cheez, ek that + game/festival.

  1. who: The boy who lives next door is Ravi.
  2. which / that (thing): This is the phone that Amma bought.
  3. that: Cricket is a game that many people watch.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. b) who — person. which = cheez. what nahi relative yahan.
  2. b) which — thing. who = log. what galat. that bhi possible, option nahi.
  3. c) who — person. which galat. she = missing relative / double idea.
  4. b) that — thing, defining (kaunsa). who = log. what galat.
  5. b) who — people. which galat. they = double subject.
  6. b) lives — who = subject, boy singular. he lives = double. live = plural.
  7. c) that — said + that = 42 jodne wala, noun ke baad nahi. who/which relative.
  8. b) that — thing. who = log. whose = 61.
  9. a) who — woman = person. which/what galat.
  10. b) which — shoes = things. who = log. whom = 61.
Fill-in
  1. who / that — person.
  2. which / that — thing.
  3. who / that — person. which nahi.
  4. lives — singular, no extra he.
  5. The book which is on the table is mine. / The book that is on the table is mine. — book = thing, not who.
Model sentences
  1. The boy who lives next door is Ravi.
  2. This is the phone that Amma bought.
  3. Cricket is a game that many people watch.

Check: who/that = people; which/that = things; no which for people; no who for books/phones; no who he lives; that after a noun = relative, after said = 42; keep who/which/that (hataana = 61); no comma extra info (67); whose/whom = 61.