noteswale
Noteclass 9 10

Present perfect vs past simple

Lesson 37 of 84

B1

Present perfect = have done (kab exactly nahi / zindagi / result ab). Simple past = did (kal, yesterday, last year). Form = 32 / 22. Yahan choice. just / already / yet yahan. since / for / ago extra = I5. have been doing = 39.

1. Kya hai

Present perfect (32) Simple past (10 / 22)
Form have / has + V3 (3rd form: seen) V2 (2nd form: saw) / -ed   didn't + base
Time open — kab, exact nahi band — yesterday, last week, in 2019, ago
Focus life / result ab us waqt ki kahani
Example I have seen the Taj Mahal. I saw the Taj Mahal last year.

V3 = verb ka 3rd form. V2 = 2nd form / simple past. Same fact, do cameras: life = perfect. "kab?" = past.

2. Kab kaun

Rule Present perfect Simple past
Time word ever, never, already, yet, just, so far yesterday, last week, in 2019, when I was 10, ago
Sawal Have you ever eaten pani puri? Did you eat pani puri yesterday?
Result now I've lost my keys. (ab nahi mil rahi) I lost my keys yesterday, then I found them.
Short Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

today / this week period abhi khula ho to aksar perfect: I've seen her this week. Subah khatam ho chuki ho to: I saw her this morning.

ago = past. Unfinished since / for aksar perfect — poora page = I5. been / gone = 32.

3. just / already / yet

Word British English No
just I've just reached home. (have + just + V3 / 3rd form) I've just saw. / I am just now reached.
just now I saw him just now. (past + just now) I have seen him just now.
already I've already done my homework. (positive) I already ate. (American; yahan I've already eaten)
yet Have you eaten yet? I haven't finished yet. Did you eat yet? / I finished yet.

yet = sawal + negative, aksar end pe. already = have/has ke baad, V3 se pehle.

4. Examples

Bold = tense choice ka signal.

  1. I have seen the Taj Mahal. (life)
  2. I saw the Taj Mahal last year.
  3. Have you ever eaten pani puri?
  4. Did you eat pani puri yesterday?
  5. I've just reached home.
  6. I saw him just now.
  7. I've already done my homework.
  8. I haven't finished yet.
  9. Have you had lunch yet?
  10. I went to the market yesterday.
  11. I've lost my keys. I can't open the door.
  12. I lost my keys yesterday, but I found them.
  13. She has gone to the market. (She is not here.)
  14. We visited Jaipur in 2019.
  15. I didn't go anywhere last night.

5. Common mistakes

I have seen it yesterday. / Yesterday I have gone to school.
I saw it yesterday. / I went to school yesterday.
I've just saw him. / I have went.
I've just seen him. / I have gone. (or I went yesterday)
Did you eat yet? / I already ate.
Have you eaten yet? / I've already eaten. (British)
I finished yet. / I have eaten already? (yet ki jagah)
I haven't finished yet. / Have you eaten yet?
I have come two years ago.
I came two years ago. (ago = past; since/for = I5)
I am just now reached. / I have reached just now.
I've just reached. / I reached just now. (just now ≈ past)
Did you ever go to Goa? (life, no year)
Have you ever been to Goa? (Did … last year = past)
Yes, I've. / Yes, I went. (short after Have you…?)
Yes, I have. / Did you…? Yes, I did.
Hindi note. Hindi "main dekh chuka / kal dekha" dono "past" lagte hain. English me rule: kal / last year / ago / in 2019 dikhe to simple past. Time open, result ab, just / already / yet / ever = present perfect. just now alag: aksar past. American I already ate films me aata hai — yahan British I've already eaten.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. I ______ the Taj Mahal last year.
2. I ______ the Taj Mahal. (life, no year)
3. Have you finished ______?
4. I've ______ done my homework.
5. I've ______ reached home.
6. I saw him ______.
7. She ______ to Goa last December.
8. I ______ my phone. I can't find it now.
9. We ______ Jaipur in 2019.
10. Did you ______ pani puri yesterday?

B. 5 fill-in

1. Last night: I ______ a film. (see)

2. Life, no year: I have ______ snow. (see)

3. I haven't finished ______. (yet / already)

4. She has ______ eaten. (already / yet)

5. Sahi karo: I have seen it yesterday.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Ek perfect, ek past, ek just/already/yet.

  1. present perfect (no yesterday): I have seen the Taj Mahal. / I've just reached.
  2. simple past + time: I saw it last year. / I went yesterday.
  3. yet / already: I haven't finished yet. / I've already done it.

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. b) saw — last year = past. have seen = no year. seen = V3 (3rd form), pehle have/has chahiye.
  2. b) have seen — life, time open. saw needs a finished time. seen akela nahi.
  3. c) yet — Have…? + yet (end). already = positive statement. yesterday = Did…?
  4. b) already — positive, have + already + V3. yet = negative/question. ago = past.
  5. a) just — have + just + V3. yesterday / ago = past, I've ke saath nahi.
  6. b) just now — past + just now. yet = Have…? already = I've already seen.
  7. b) went — last December = past. has been / has gone = no last December (32 meaning alag bhi).
  8. b) have lost — result now. lost last year = kahani, "now" weak. have lose = galat 3rd form.
  9. b) visited — in 2019 = past. have visited = no year. has = she/he, we nahi.
  10. c) eat — Did + base. ate / eaten nahi.
Fill-in
  1. saw — last night = past.
  2. seen — have + V3 (3rd form).
  3. yet — negative + yet.
  4. already — positive, have + already + V3.
  5. I saw it yesterday. — yesterday + past, not have.
Model sentences
  1. I have seen the Taj Mahal.
  2. I saw it last year.
  3. I haven't finished yet.

Check: finished time = past; open/result/just/already/yet/ever = perfect; just now ≈ past; Did + base; Yes, I have / Yes, I did; ago = I5 extra; been doing = 39; was doing = 38.