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Noteclass 9 10

All 12 tenses — complete map

Lesson 36 of 84

B1

English ke 12 tenses (kaal = ab / kal / aage) ki naksha: 4 present, 4 past, 4 future. Yeh map hai — har tense ka poora lesson yahan nahi. Farq: 37, 38, 39. will / going to / pehle se time = I7. since / for: I5.

1. Kya hai

Tense = kaal (ab / kal / aage). Har tense = time + shape: simple / continuous (chal raha) / perfect (ho chuka) / perfect continuous (shuru se chal raha). V3 = verb ka 3rd form (eaten, gone, left, finished).

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous
Present I eat I am eating I have eaten I have been eating
Past I ate I was eating I had eaten I had been eating
Future I will eat I will be eating I will have eaten I will have been eating

Extra (12 me nahi): be going to = topic 23. Pehle se time: I'm meeting Ravi tomorrow = I7.

2. Present 4

Tense Form Use (1 line)
Simple present (07) eat / eats habit, fact, timetable
Present continuous (08) am / is / are + -ing now / around now. Pehle se time = I7
Present perfect (32) have / has + V3 (3rd form) life / result, no yesterday. vs past = 37
Present perfect continuous (39) have / has been + -ing abhi tak chal raha, kitni der. since/for = I5

3. Past 4

Tense Form Use (1 line)
Simple past (10 / 22) ate / went / -ed finished time: yesterday, last week
Past continuous (38) was / were + -ing us waqt chal raha tha. vs simple past = 38
Past perfect had + V3 do past events: pehle wala kaam. Alag poora topic nahi — yahan sirf map
Past perfect continuous had been + -ing past me pehle se chal raha tha (kitni der)

Past perfect (map): When I reached, the train had left. Pehle train gayi, phir main aaya. Negative: hadn't left. Question: Had the train left?

4. Future 4

Tense Form Use (1 line)
Simple future (23) will + base promise, instant decision, prediction. going to = 23 / I7
Future continuous will be + -ing us future waqt pe kaam chal raha hoga
Future perfect will have + V3 us future time se pehle khatam: By 8 pm…
Future perfect continuous will have been + -ing exam me pehchano; roz kam use

Future continuous: This time tomorrow I will be sitting on the train. Future perfect: By 8 pm I will have finished my homework.

5. Examples

12 tenses + 2 extra future forms. Bold = tense form.

  1. I drink chai every morning. (simple present)
  2. She is cooking rice now. (present continuous)
  3. I have seen the Taj Mahal. (present perfect)
  4. I have been waiting all morning. (present perfect continuous)
  5. I went to school yesterday. (simple past)
  6. I was cooking when he called. (past continuous)
  7. When I reached, the train had left. (past perfect)
  8. I had been waiting for an hour when the bus came. (past perfect continuous)
  9. I will call you tomorrow. (will)
  10. This time tomorrow I will be sitting on the train. (future continuous)
  11. By 8 pm I will have finished my homework. (future perfect)
  12. By 8 pm I will have been cooking for two hours. (future perfect continuous)
  13. I am going to visit Goa. (going to — 23, not one of the 12)
  14. I'm meeting Ravi tomorrow. (pehle se time — I7)

6. Common mistakes

Yesterday I am going to the market.
I went to the market yesterday. (I2 / 22)
I am cooking rice every day.
I cook rice every day. (07, not 08)
I have went. / I have seen it yesterday.
I have gone. / I saw it yesterday. (32 / 37)
When I reached, the train left. (pehle gayi thi)
When I reached, the train had left.
I will going / I will to go.
I will go. / I am going to go. (23)
This time tomorrow I sit on the train.
This time tomorrow I will be sitting on the train.
By 8 pm I finish my homework. (future deadline)
By 8 pm I will have finished my homework.
I am knowing the answer. / I meeting Ravi tomorrow.
I know the answer. (08/29) / I'm meeting Ravi tomorrow. (I7)
Hindi note. Hindi aksar ek hi "tha / raha hai / karega". English me tense chuno: kal + khatam = simple past. abhi = continuous. zindagi, time open = present perfect. Do past, pehle wala = had + V3. will vs going to vs pehle se time = 23 / I7, yahan sirf map.

7. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. I drink chai every morning.
2. She is cooking rice now.
3. I have seen the Taj Mahal. (no last year)
4. I went to school yesterday.
5. I was cooking when he called.
6. When I reached the station, the train ______.
7. I will call you tomorrow.
8. This time tomorrow I ______ on the train.
9. He ______ cricket on Sunday. (habit)
10. Yesterday I ______ to the market.

B. 5 fill-in

1. Now: She ______ cooking rice. (be)

2. Yesterday: They ______ home. (go)

3. Life, no yesterday: I have ______ that film. (see)

4. Pehle wala past: When I reached, the train had ______. (leave)

5. Sahi karo: Yesterday I am going to school.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche. Teen alag jagah likho.

  1. habit: I drink chai every morning.
  2. now: She is cooking rice now.
  3. past perfect ya will: When I reached, the train had left. / I will call you tomorrow.

8. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) simple present — every morning = habit (07). now nahi, zindagi-perfect nahi.
  2. b) present continuous — now + is + -ing (08).
  3. b) present perfect — have + V3 (3rd form), no last year (32). vs simple past = 37.
  4. b) simple past — yesterday + went (22). have gone = no yesterday.
  5. b) past continuous — was + -ing, background. vs simple past = 38.
  6. b) had left — pehle train, phir reached. has left = present perfect. is leaving = now.
  7. a) will — will + base (23). going to / pehle se time = 23 / I7.
  8. c) will be sitting — this time tomorrow = future continuous. will sit = simple future, us waqt chal raha nahi.
  9. b) plays — Sunday habit. is playing = now. has played = life/result.
  10. b) went — yesterday = simple past. am going = now. have gone = no yesterday (37 / I2).
Fill-in
  1. is — she + is + -ing now.
  2. went — go → went, yesterday.
  3. seen — have + V3 (3rd form).
  4. left — had + V3 (leave → left).
  5. I went to school yesterday. — finished past, not am going.
Model sentences
  1. I drink chai every morning.
  2. She is cooking rice now.
  3. When I reached, the train had left.

Check: 12 tenses (map, not full course); going to extra (23); pehle se time = I7; present perfect vs past = 37; was doing vs did = 38; have been doing = 39; since/for = I5; had + V3 = pehle past; will be + -ing / will have + V3 yahan.