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Noteclass 6 8

Modals (basic)

Lesson 27 of 84

A2

Modal = can, could, should, must + asal verb. can = sakna / ijazat; could = pehle sakna / narm sawal; should = chahiye; must = zaroori. Hunar wala can = topic 16. may / might / have to = topic 45. Order (Sit down) = topic 28.

1. Kya hai

Modal = chhota word jo asal verb se pehle lagta hai: sakna, chahiye, zaroori. Sab ke baad asal verb (jaise sit, help, wear). He/she pe -s nahi.

Modal Matlab Example
can hunar (16) + ijazat / maangna Can I sit here?
could pehle sakna; narm / soft can I could swim when I was five. Could you help me?
should salah — achha hai / karna chahiye You should drink water.
must niyam / strong zaroori You must wear a helmet.

2. Matlab

Kab Yes Note
Ijazat (permission) Can I sit here? Yes, you can. Narm: Could I sit here? Jawab aksar Yes, you can.
Maangna Can you open the window? Could you help me, please? Could zyada narm. Order nahi — woh topic 28.
Pehle sakna When I was ten, I could ride a bike. I couldn't come yesterday. Abhi hunar = can (16). I can yesterday galat.
Salah You should sleep early. You shouldn't eat junk food every day. Dost / doctor ki salah. Party bulane pe must hukm lagta hai.
Niyam Students must wear a uniform. You mustn't use a phone in the exam hall. mustn't = mat karo (mana). have to = topic 45.

may / might / have to = topic 45.

3. Tariqa

Charon ka same tariqa: modal + asal verb. Sawal me modal pehle.

Positive Negative Question
can I can sit. I can't sit. / cannot Can I sit?
could I could swim. I couldn't swim. Could you help?
should You should rest. You shouldn't eat junk food. Should I call home?
must You must wear a helmet. You mustn't use a phone. Must I come? (kam chalta hai)

Chhota jawab: Yes, you can. / No, you can't. Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't. Yes, I can — Yes, I'm nahi.

Nahi: to, -s, do / does, don't should, must to.

4. Examples

Bold = modal.

  1. Can I sit here? Yes, you can.
  2. Can you open the window?
  3. Could I use your pen?
  4. Could you help me, please?
  5. When I was five, I could swim.
  6. I couldn't come yesterday.
  7. You should drink water.
  8. You shouldn't sleep late.
  9. Should I call Amma?
  10. You must wear a helmet.
  11. Students must come on time.
  12. You mustn't use a phone in class.
  13. I can cook rice. (hunar — 16)
  14. Could you speak slowly, please?
  15. You should come to the party. (bulana — must nahi)

5. Common mistakes

Can I to sit here?
Can I sit here?
You should to study.
You should study.
You must to wear a helmet.
You must wear a helmet.
He cans / He shoulds help.
He can help. / He should help.
Does she can sit here?
Can she sit here?
I can swim yesterday.
I could swim when I was five. / I couldn't come yesterday.
You don't should eat that.
You shouldn't eat that.
You must come to my party. (hukm)
You should come. / Please come.
Hindi note. Ijazat = Can I / Could I + asal verb? Salah = should. Niyam = must / mustn't. Pehle sakna = could. Hunar abhi = can (16). Modal ke baad to nahi. Sit down! = topic 28; yahan maangna.

6. Practice

A. 10 MCQ

1. Ijazat: ______ I sit here?
2. Narm maang:
3. Salah (headache): You ______ rest.
4. School niyam: Students ______ wear a uniform.
5. When I was five, I ______ swim.
6. Exam hall niyam: You ______ use a phone.
7. You should ______ English.
8. Can I sit here? Chhota jawab:
9. I ______ come yesterday. (nahi aa saka)
10. Birthday pe bulana (hukm nahi):

B. 5 fill-in

1. Ijazat + asal verb: Can I ______ here? (sit)

2. Salah: You should ______ water. (drink)

3. Pehle sakna: When I was ten, I ______ ride a bike.

4. Niyam: You ______ wear a helmet. (must)

5. Sahi karo: You should to study English.

C. 3 sentences

Model answers neeche.

  1. ijazat / narm maang: Can I …? / Could you …?
  2. salah: You should …
  3. niyam: You must … / You mustn't …

7. Answer key

MCQ
  1. a) Can — ijazat. Do/Am + I sit nahi.
  2. b) Could you help me, please? — narm maang. Must you = niyam sawal. You help me = hukm (28).
  3. c) should — salah. must to / can to galat.
  4. a) must — school niyam. can = ijazat. could = pehle sakna / narm.
  5. b) could — pehle sakna + when I was. can = abhi. must = niyam.
  6. c) mustn't — mana. don't should / must to not galat.
  7. a) study — modal + asal verb. to study / studying nahi.
  8. b) Yes, you can. — chhota jawab. Yes, I am = be (05). can to nahi.
  9. a) couldn't — yesterday = pehle. can't = abhi. shouldn't = salah.
  10. c) You should come to my party. — bulana. must = hukm. must to galat.
Fill-in
  1. sit — asal verb after can. sitting / to sit nahi.
  2. drink — should + asal verb.
  3. could — pehle sakna.
  4. must — niyam.
  5. You should study English. — should ke baad to nahi.
Model sentences
  1. Can I sit here?
  2. You should drink water.
  3. You must wear a helmet.

Check: modal + asal verb; Can I / Could you; should = chahiye; must / mustn't = zaroori; could = pehle sakna; no to / no -s / no don't should; may/have to = 45; Sit down = 28.