Countable = jo gini jaaye (a bag, two bags). Uncountable = jo pani jaise gini nahi jaati (rice, water). Uske saath some / any / much / many. few / little = topic 49. too much = topic 34.
1. Kya hai
Countable (gini jaaye): 1, 2, 3… a bag, two bags. Uncountable (pani jaise): rice, water, news — plural nahi.
| Countable (gini jaaye) | Uncountable (pani jaise) | |
|---|---|---|
| Example | bag, mango, chair, rupee, job | rice, water, tea, milk, bread, money, news, information, advice, furniture, homework, hair, work, luggage |
| 1 | a bag / an apple | some rice / a cup of tea (cup / kilo) |
| 2+ | two bags | rices / informations galat |
| there is / are | There is a bag. There are two bags. | There is some rice. (is, not are) |
Glass / kilo se ginti: a glass of water, a kilo of rice, a cup of tea, a slice of bread, a piece of advice, a bag of rice.
2. a / an, no plural
| Yes | No | |
|---|---|---|
| Countable 1 | a mango, an umbrella | mango (ek cheez: a / an chahiye) |
| Uncountable | rice, some rice | a rice, rices |
| News / advice | some news, some advice | a news, an advice, informations |
| Hair / money | long hair, some money | hairs, a money, many money |
Cafe me log a tea bolte hain. School writing: a cup of tea. work uncountable; a job countable.
3. some / any
some / any = countable plural ya uncountable. Ek wali countable pe nahi: some mango galat → a mango / some mangoes.
| some | any | |
|---|---|---|
| Positive (haan wali line) | I have some rice. I have some mangoes. | — |
| Negative (nahi wali line) | — | I don't have any milk. There aren't any chairs. |
| Question (sawal) | dene / maangne wale sawal me some — baad me | Do you have any milk? Are there any shops? |
4. much / many
| many | much | |
|---|---|---|
| With | countable plural | uncountable |
| Question (sawal) | How many books? | How much rice? |
| Negative (nahi wali line) | I don't have many chairs. | I don't have much time. |
Haan wali line me much ajeeb: I have much money mat likho. Roz ke English me: a lot of — countable aur uncountable dono: a lot of books, a lot of rice. Extra galti practice = I6.
few / a few / little / a little topic 49. How ka poora set nahi — yahan sirf How much / How many.
5. Examples
Bold = kitna / kaunsa naam (countable ya uncountable).
- I have a bag. I have two bags.
- I have some rice. There is rice in the pot.
- There are some mangoes in the bag.
- I don't have any milk.
- There aren't any chairs in this room.
- Do you have any brothers?
- How many students are there?
- How much water is there?
- I don't have much time.
- She has a lot of homework.
- The news is good. (not are)
- There is some information on the board. (not informations)
- She has long hair. (not hairs)
- I have some money. I have ten rupees.
- She drinks a cup of tea.
6. Common mistakes
7. Practice
A. 10 MCQ
B. 5 fill-in
C. 3 sentences
Model answers neeche.
- Countable: I have two …
- Uncountable: I have some …
- Question: How many …? / How much …?
8. Answer key
MCQ
- a) countable — a bag, two bags.
- b) uncountable — some rice, not two rices.
- c) some rice — a rice / an information galat.
- a) any — nahi wali line = any, not some. a milk galat.
- b) some — haan wali plural. any = nahi / sawal. much + uncountable.
- a) many — books countable plural. much uncountable.
- c) much — water uncountable. many water galat.
- b) is — rice uncountable → there is. are plural countable. have nahi.
- a) is — news uncountable. The news are galat.
- c) a lot of money — much money haan wali line me ajeeb. many money galat.
Fill-in
- some — haan wali line.
- any — nahi wali line. don't + some yahan nahi.
- many — chairs countable.
- much — tea uncountable.
- I have some rice. (ya I have rice / unit: a kilo / a bag of rice)
Model sentences
- I have two bags.
- I have some rice.
- How many students are there?
Check: a + countable 1; some/any + plural ya uncountable; any = nahi/sawal; many = countable; much = uncountable; news is; no rices / informations / hairs.