noteswale

Environment Studies

Unit 6: MCQ Practice — sustainable development, climate change, ozone depletion, laws and movements
25 MCQs with Answers & Explanations (English + Hinglish) • BA • Semester 1 (AEC)

🌐 How to use: Har MCQ ka correct answer green me marked hai. Pehle khud answer socho, phir green tick se match karo. Neeche 🇮🇳 Hinglish box me short explanation hai taaki yaad rahe.
📝 Exam pattern yaad rakho (50 marks, MCQ only): Poora paper MCQs ka hai — har question 1 mark, no negative marking. Har MCQ ke neeche correct option green me highlighted hai + 1–2 line explanation diya hai.
📑 25 MCQs in this unit:
  1. Q1: The concept of sustainable development was defined by the:
  2. Q2: Sustainable development means:
  3. Q3: The Brundtland Commission's report was titled:
  4. Q4: Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
  5. Q5: The main human cause of global warming is:
  6. Q6: IPCC stands for:
  7. Q7: Depletion of the ozone layer is mainly caused by:
  8. Q8: The Montreal Protocol (1987) was signed to:
  9. Q9: The ozone hole was first discovered over:
  10. Q10: The Chipko Movement began in the year:
  11. Q11: The Chipko Movement is associated with:
  12. Q12: The Chipko Movement started in:
  13. Q13: The Appiko Movement (a Chipko-like movement) took place in:
  14. Q14: The Narmada Bachao Andolan was led by:
  15. Q15: The Narmada Bachao Andolan mainly opposed the:
  16. Q16: Which Act is called the “umbrella legislation” f…
  17. Q17: The Forest (Conservation) Act was passed in:
  18. Q18: The Kyoto Protocol (1997) aimed at:
  19. Q19: The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted in:
  20. Q20: Acid rain damages:
  21. Q21: Wasteland reclamation means:
  22. Q22: The Silent Valley movement in Kerala saved:
  23. Q23: Common urban environmental problems in India include:
  24. Q24: Environmental ethics mainly deals with:
  25. Q25: World Ozone Day is observed on:

Q1 The concept of sustainable development was defined by the: 1 mark

  • AStockholm Conference, 1972
  • BKyoto Protocol, 1997
  • CBrundtland Commission, 1987 ✓ Correct
  • DRio Summit, 1992
Explanation: The WCED (Brundtland Commission) report 'Our Common Future' (1987) gave the famous definition.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

WCED (Brundtland Commission) ki report 'Our Common Future' (1987) ne famous definition di.

Q2 Sustainable development means: 1 mark

  • AUsing all resources immediately
  • BStopping all development
  • CMeeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs ✓ Correct
  • DOnly economic growth
Explanation: It balances today's needs with tomorrow's — development that can continue forever.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye aaj ki needs ko kal ke saath balance karta hai — development jo forever continue ho sake.

Q3 The Brundtland Commission's report was titled: 1 mark

  • ASilent Spring
  • BOur Common Future ✓ Correct
  • CLimits to Growth
  • DAgenda 21
Explanation: 'Our Common Future' (1987) introduced sustainable development to the world.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

'Our Common Future' (1987) ne sustainable development ko duniya se introduce karaya.

Q4 Which of the following are greenhouse gases? 1 mark

  • ACO₂, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs ✓ Correct
  • BSulphur dioxide only
  • CHydrogen and helium
  • DOxygen and nitrogen
Explanation: These gases trap outgoing heat; CO₂ from fossil fuels is the biggest contributor.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye gases outgoing heat trap karti hain; fossil fuels ka CO₂ sabse bada contributor hai.

Q5 The main human cause of global warming is: 1 mark

  • AUsing solar panels
  • BBurning of fossil fuels releasing CO₂ ✓ Correct
  • CRecycling waste
  • DPlanting more trees
Explanation: Coal, oil and gas burning has raised CO₂ sharply since the industrial revolution.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Industrial revolution se coal, oil, gas burning ne CO₂ sharply badhaya hai.

Q6 IPCC stands for: 1 mark

  • AIndian Panel for Climate Care
  • BInternational Pollution Control Committee
  • CIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ✓ Correct
  • DInstitute for Public Climate Change
Explanation: The UN's IPCC assesses climate science and guides global policy.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

UN ka IPCC climate science assess karta hai aur global policy guide karta hai.

Q7 Depletion of the ozone layer is mainly caused by: 1 mark

  • AMethane
  • BOxygen
  • CCarbon dioxide
  • DChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ✓ Correct
Explanation: CFCs from old refrigerators and sprays release chlorine that destroys ozone molecules.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Purane refrigerators aur sprays ke CFCs chlorine release karte hain jo ozone molecules destroy karta hai.

Q8 The Montreal Protocol (1987) was signed to: 1 mark

  • ACut carbon emissions
  • BPhase out ozone-depleting substances ✓ Correct
  • CBan plastic
  • DStop acid rain
Explanation: This landmark treaty phased out CFCs; the ozone layer is now slowly recovering.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye landmark treaty ne CFCs phase out kiye; ozone layer ab slowly recover ho rahi hai.

Q9 The ozone hole was first discovered over: 1 mark

  • AIndia
  • BThe Equator
  • CThe Arctic
  • DAntarctica ✓ Correct
Explanation: British scientists found severe springtime ozone loss over Antarctica in 1985.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

British scientists ne 1985 me Antarctica pe severe springtime ozone loss paya tha.

Q10 The Chipko Movement began in the year: 1 mark

  • A1983
  • B1963
  • C1993
  • D1973 ✓ Correct
Explanation: In 1973, villagers of Chamoli (Uttarakhand) hugged trees to stop commercial felling.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

1973 me Chamoli (Uttarakhand) ke villagers ne commercial felling rokne ke liye trees ko hug kiya.

Q11 The Chipko Movement is associated with: 1 mark

  • AM. S. Swaminathan
  • BSalim Ali
  • CMedha Patkar
  • DSunderlal Bahuguna ✓ Correct
Explanation: Bahuguna led the movement; Gaura Devi led the famous Reni village action of 1974.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Bahuguna ne movement lead kiya; Gaura Devi ne 1974 ka famous Reni village action lead kiya.

Q12 The Chipko Movement started in: 1 mark

  • AChamoli, Uttarakhand ✓ Correct
  • BKarnataka
  • CSilent Valley, Kerala
  • DBihar
Explanation: 'Chipko' (to hug) began in the Himalayan forests of Chamoli district.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

'Chipko' (hug karna) Chamoli district ke Himalayan forests me start hua.

Q13 The Appiko Movement (a Chipko-like movement) took place in: 1 mark

  • AAssam
  • BKerala
  • CKarnataka ✓ Correct
  • DOdisha
Explanation: Led by Panduranga Hegde, Appiko protected Western Ghats forests in Karnataka.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Panduranga Hegde ke netritva me Appiko ne Karnataka ke Western Ghats forests protect kiye.

Q14 The Narmada Bachao Andolan was led by: 1 mark

  • AMedha Patkar ✓ Correct
  • BAruna Roy
  • CBaba Amte
  • DSunderlal Bahuguna
Explanation: Medha Patkar mobilised dam oustees demanding proper resettlement and rehabilitation.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Medha Patkar ne proper resettlement aur rehabilitation maangte dam oustees ko mobilise kiya.

Q15 The Narmada Bachao Andolan mainly opposed the: 1 mark

  • ASardar Sarovar Dam ✓ Correct
  • BTehri Dam
  • CHirakud Dam
  • DBhakra Dam
Explanation: The movement questioned the submergence and displacement caused by Sardar Sarovar.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye movement Sardar Sarovar ke submergence aur displacement pe question uthata tha.

Q16 Which Act is called the “umbrella legislation” for environmental protection in India? 1 mark

  • AWildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
  • BForest (Conservation) Act, 1980
  • CWater Act, 1974
  • DEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986 ✓ Correct
Explanation: Passed after Bhopal, the 1986 Act empowers the Centre to act on all environmental matters.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Bhopal ke baad passed, 1986 Act Centre ko sab environmental matters pe act karne ki power deta hai.

Q17 The Forest (Conservation) Act was passed in: 1 mark

  • A1972
  • B1986
  • C1980 ✓ Correct
  • D1927
Explanation: It requires central approval before any forest land is diverted for non-forest use.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye kisi bhi forest land ko non-forest use ke liye divert karne se pehle central approval maangta hai.

Q18 The Kyoto Protocol (1997) aimed at: 1 mark

  • ABanning nuclear tests
  • BReducing greenhouse gas emissions of developed nations ✓ Correct
  • CCleaning rivers
  • DProtecting the ozone layer
Explanation: Kyoto set binding emission cuts for industrialised countries.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Kyoto ne industrialised countries ke liye binding emission cuts set kiye.

Q19 The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted in: 1 mark

  • A1997
  • B2005
  • C1987
  • D2015 ✓ Correct
Explanation: Paris (2015) commits nations to keep warming well below 2°C, aiming for 1.5°C.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Paris (2015) nations ko warming 2°C se well below rakhne ke liye commit karta hai, 1.5°C ka aim.

Q20 Acid rain damages: 1 mark

  • ABuildings (Taj Mahal), crops, forests and aquatic life ✓ Correct
  • BNothing at all
  • COnly human beings
  • DOnly desert soil
Explanation: Acidic rain corrodes marble and metals, kills fish and damages crops.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Acidic rain marble aur metals corrode karta hai, fish maarta hai aur crops damage karta hai.

Q21 Wasteland reclamation means: 1 mark

  • ADumping waste on land
  • BBuilding on wetlands
  • CRestoring degraded land for productive use ✓ Correct
  • DConverting forests to farms
Explanation: Techniques like afforestation and watershed management bring wastelands back to use.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Afforestation aur watershed management jaise techniques wastelands ko wapas use me laate hain.

Q22 The Silent Valley movement in Kerala saved: 1 mark

  • AA beach from a port
  • BA lake from pollution
  • CA tropical rainforest from a hydroelectric dam ✓ Correct
  • DA desert from mining
Explanation: People's protests in the 1970s–80s stopped the dam and Silent Valley became a national park.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

1970s–80s me people's protests ne dam roka aur Silent Valley national park bana.

Q23 Common urban environmental problems in India include: 1 mark

  • ASlums, solid waste, water shortage and air pollution ✓ Correct
  • BOnly noise
  • COnly traffic jams
  • DNone of these
Explanation: Rapid urbanisation strains housing, waste systems, water supply and air quality.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Rapid urbanisation housing, waste systems, water supply aur air quality pe strain daalta hai.

Q24 Environmental ethics mainly deals with: 1 mark

  • AElection laws
  • BTax rules
  • CCourt procedures
  • DThe moral relationship between humans and nature ✓ Correct
Explanation: It asks: do humans have duties toward nature, not just rights over it?
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Ye poochta hai: kya humans ke nature ke prati duties hain, sirf rights nahi?

Q25 World Ozone Day is observed on: 1 mark

  • A22 April
  • B5 June
  • C22 March
  • D16 September ✓ Correct
Explanation: 16 September marks the signing of the Montreal Protocol (1987).
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

16 September Montreal Protocol (1987) ke signing ki yaad me hai.

End of Unit 6 MCQ Practice — 25 questions. Revise the explanations before the exam.