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Environment Studies

Unit 5: MCQ Practice — air, water, soil, noise, thermal and nuclear pollution, solid waste and case studies
25 MCQs with Answers & Explanations (English + Hinglish) • BA • Semester 1 (AEC)

🌐 How to use: Har MCQ ka correct answer green me marked hai. Pehle khud answer socho, phir green tick se match karo. Neeche 🇮🇳 Hinglish box me short explanation hai taaki yaad rahe.
📝 Exam pattern yaad rakho (50 marks, MCQ only): Poora paper MCQs ka hai — har question 1 mark, no negative marking. Har MCQ ke neeche correct option green me highlighted hai + 1–2 line explanation diya hai.
📑 25 MCQs in this unit:
  1. Q1: The gas that leaked in the Bhopal gas tragedy was:
  2. Q2: The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred in the year:
  3. Q3: BOD stands for:
  4. Q4: Eutrophication of lakes is caused by:
  5. Q5: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed…
  6. Q6: The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was pass…
  7. Q7: Minamata disease in Japan was caused by:
  8. Q8: The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in:
  9. Q9: Continuous exposure to noise above ___ can damage hearing:
  10. Q10: The yellowing and decay of the Taj Mahal is mainly due to:
  11. Q11: The Ganga Action Plan was launched in the year:
  12. Q12: Delhi's public transport was shifted to CNG following orders…
  13. Q13: The Great London Smog of 1952 was caused by:
  14. Q14: Thermal pollution of rivers is mainly caused by:
  15. Q15: E-waste is hazardous mainly because it contains:
  16. Q16: An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in factories controls:
  17. Q17: A catalytic converter in vehicles reduces:
  18. Q18: Fluorosis, causing mottled teeth and bent bones, is due to e…
  19. Q19: Arsenic contamination of groundwater is most famous in:
  20. Q20: Oil spills in the sea mainly harm:
  21. Q21: The best method for managing biodegradable solid waste is:
  22. Q22: A sanitary landfill is designed for:
  23. Q23: DDT is infamous because it is a:
  24. Q24: Acid rain is mainly caused by the gases:
  25. Q25: A major source of indoor air pollution in rural India is:

Q1 The gas that leaked in the Bhopal gas tragedy was: 1 mark

  • AMethyl isocyanate (MIC) ✓ Correct
  • BSulphur dioxide
  • CCarbon dioxide
  • DAmmonia
Explanation: MIC leaked from the Union Carbide plant, Bhopal, on the night of 2–3 December 1984.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

2–3 December 1984 ki raat Bhopal ke Union Carbide plant se MIC leak hua tha.

Q2 The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred in the year: 1 mark

  • A2004
  • B1984 ✓ Correct
  • C1974
  • D1994
Explanation: The world's worst industrial disaster struck Bhopal on 2–3 December 1984.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Duniya ki worst industrial disaster 2–3 December 1984 ko Bhopal me hui thi.

Q3 BOD stands for: 1 mark

  • ABasic Oxygen Density
  • BBiological Oxygen Deficit
  • CBiochemical Oxygen Demand ✓ Correct
  • DBiotic Oxygen Demand
Explanation: BOD measures oxygen needed by microbes to break down organic waste — high BOD means polluted water.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

BOD wo oxygen measure karta hai jo microbes ko organic waste todne me chahiye — high BOD matlab polluted water.

Q4 Eutrophication of lakes is caused by: 1 mark

  • AExcess fish
  • BDeep water
  • CExcess nutrients (nitrates, phosphates) causing algal blooms ✓ Correct
  • DToo much sunlight
Explanation: Fertiliser runoff enriches water; algae bloom, die and rot, depleting oxygen and killing aquatic life.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Fertiliser runoff water enrich karta hai; algae bloom, die aur rot hote hain, oxygen deplete hoti hai, aquatic life marti hai.

Q5 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in: 1 mark

  • A1986
  • B1972
  • C1974
  • D1981 ✓ Correct
Explanation: India's Air Act (1981) set standards and created boards to control air pollution.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

India ka Air Act (1981) ne standards set kiye aur air pollution control ke liye boards banaye.

Q6 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in: 1 mark

  • A1972
  • B1974 ✓ Correct
  • C1981
  • D1986
Explanation: The Water Act (1974) was India's first major law against water pollution.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Water Act (1974) water pollution ke khilaaf India ka first major law tha.

Q7 Minamata disease in Japan was caused by: 1 mark

  • ALead poisoning
  • BFluoride poisoning
  • CMercury poisoning ✓ Correct
  • DArsenic poisoning
Explanation: Mercury discharged into Minamata Bay accumulated in fish and poisoned people in the 1950s.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Minamata Bay me discharged mercury fish me accumulate hua aur 1950s me logon ko poison kiya.

Q8 The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in: 1 mark

  • A1976
  • B1986 ✓ Correct
  • C2011
  • D1996
Explanation: Reactor 4 at Chernobyl (then USSR, now Ukraine) exploded on 26 April 1986.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Chernobyl (then USSR, ab Ukraine) ka Reactor 4 26 April 1986 ko explode hua tha.

Q9 Continuous exposure to noise above ___ can damage hearing: 1 mark

  • A20 dB
  • B40 dB
  • C85 dB ✓ Correct
  • D60 dB
Explanation: Above ~85 dB (heavy traffic, machinery) hearing loss begins; 120 dB causes pain.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

~85 dB se upar (heavy traffic, machinery) hearing loss start hoti hai; 120 dB pe pain hota hai.

Q10 The yellowing and decay of the Taj Mahal is mainly due to: 1 mark

  • AFloods of the Yamuna
  • BSulphur dioxide and acid rain from the Mathura refinery area ✓ Correct
  • CTourist touch
  • DEarthquakes
Explanation: SO₂ emissions form acid rain that corrodes marble — the Supreme Court ordered a Taj Trapezium Zone.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

SO₂ emissions se acid rain banta hai jo marble corrode karta hai — Supreme Court ne Taj Trapezium Zone order kiya.

Q11 The Ganga Action Plan was launched in the year: 1 mark

  • A1986 ✓ Correct
  • B1976
  • C2014
  • D1996
Explanation: GAP (1986) was India's first major programme to clean the Ganga; later came Namami Gange (2014).
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

GAP (1986) Ganga saaf karne ka India ka first major programme tha; baad me Namami Gange (2014) aaya.

Q12 Delhi's public transport was shifted to CNG following orders of the: 1 mark

  • ASupreme Court of India ✓ Correct
  • BWHO
  • CParliament
  • DMunicipal Corporation
Explanation: Supreme Court orders (1998–2002) made Delhi's buses and autos switch to CNG, cutting smoke.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Supreme Court orders (1998–2002) ne Delhi ki buses aur autos ko CNG pe shift karaya, smoke cut hua.

Q13 The Great London Smog of 1952 was caused by: 1 mark

  • ACoal smoke trapped with fog ✓ Correct
  • BA gas leak
  • CA volcanic eruption
  • DForest fire smoke
Explanation: Coal smoke + fog killed thousands in London (Dec 1952), leading to the UK Clean Air Act, 1956.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Coal smoke + fog ne Dec 1952 me London me thousands ko maara, jisse UK Clean Air Act, 1956 aaya.

Q14 Thermal pollution of rivers is mainly caused by: 1 mark

  • ACold storage plants
  • BHot water discharged from power plants ✓ Correct
  • COil spills
  • DSewage
Explanation: Power plants use river water for cooling and release it hot, lowering oxygen and harming fish.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Power plants cooling ke liye river water use karte hain aur use garam chhodte hain, oxygen ghatti hai, fish harm hoti hain.

Q15 E-waste is hazardous mainly because it contains: 1 mark

  • APaper
  • BFarm residue
  • CKitchen scraps
  • DLead, mercury and cadmium ✓ Correct
Explanation: Discarded phones and computers leach toxic heavy metals into soil and water.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Discarded phones aur computers se toxic heavy metals soil aur water me leach hote hain.

Q16 An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in factories controls: 1 mark

  • ASuspended particulate matter in smoke ✓ Correct
  • BNoise
  • CSoil erosion
  • DWastewater
Explanation: ESPs electrically charge dust particles in chimneys and trap them before release.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

ESPs chimneys me dust particles ko electrically charge karke release se pehle trap karte hain.

Q17 A catalytic converter in vehicles reduces: 1 mark

  • ACarbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides ✓ Correct
  • BFuel consumption to zero
  • COnly dust
  • DOnly noise
Explanation: Fitted in exhausts, it converts poisonous gases into less harmful CO₂, nitrogen and water.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Exhausts me fitted, ye poisonous gases ko less harmful CO₂, nitrogen aur water me convert karta hai.

Q18 Fluorosis, causing mottled teeth and bent bones, is due to excess: 1 mark

  • ANitrate in water
  • BChlorine in water
  • CFluoride in drinking water ✓ Correct
  • DIron in water
Explanation: Several Indian districts (Rajasthan, AP) have naturally high fluoride in groundwater.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Kai Indian districts (Rajasthan, AP) ke groundwater me naturally high fluoride hai.

Q19 Arsenic contamination of groundwater is most famous in: 1 mark

  • ARajasthan
  • BKerala
  • CWest Bengal and Bangladesh ✓ Correct
  • DPunjab
Explanation: Tube wells in the Bengal delta tap arsenic-rich aquifers, poisoning millions.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Bengal delta ke tube wells arsenic-rich aquifers tap karte hain, millions poison hote hain.

Q20 Oil spills in the sea mainly harm: 1 mark

  • AMountain forests
  • BCrop fields
  • CMarine birds, fish and coastal ecosystems ✓ Correct
  • DDesert plants
Explanation: Oil coats feathers and gills and smothers coastal life; cleanup takes years.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Oil feathers aur gills coat kar deta hai aur coastal life smother karta hai; cleanup me years lagte hain.

Q21 The best method for managing biodegradable solid waste is: 1 mark

  • AOpen burning
  • BDumping in the ocean
  • CBurying with plastic
  • DComposting ✓ Correct
Explanation: Composting converts kitchen and garden waste into useful manure without pollution.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Composting kitchen aur garden waste ko bina pollution useful manure me convert karta hai.

Q22 A sanitary landfill is designed for: 1 mark

  • ACleaning air
  • BTreating wastewater
  • CScientific disposal of solid waste ✓ Correct
  • DReducing noise
Explanation: Waste is layered, compacted and covered daily to avoid smell, fires and leachate.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Waste ko layered, compacted aur daily cover kiya jaata hai taaki smell, fires aur leachate na ho.

Q23 DDT is infamous because it is a: 1 mark

  • ABiofuel
  • BMedicine
  • CPersistent pesticide that biomagnifies up food chains ✓ Correct
  • DFertiliser
Explanation: DDT accumulates in fat and magnifies at each trophic level, harming top predators.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

DDT fat me accumulate hota hai aur har trophic level pe magnify hota hai, top predators ko harm karta hai.

Q24 Acid rain is mainly caused by the gases: 1 mark

  • ASulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides ✓ Correct
  • BCarbon dioxide only
  • CNitrogen
  • DOxygen
Explanation: SO₂ and NOₓ from industry and vehicles dissolve in rain, making it acidic (pH < 5.6).
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Industry aur vehicles ke SO₂ aur NOₓ rain me dissolve hoke use acidic banate hain (pH < 5.6).

Q25 A major source of indoor air pollution in rural India is: 1 mark

  • ASmoke from biomass chulhas ✓ Correct
  • BRoom fresheners
  • CAir conditioners
  • DWall paint
Explanation: Burning wood, dung and crop waste in open chulhas fills kitchens with harmful smoke.
🇮🇳 Hinglish me yaad karo:

Open chulhas me wood, dung aur crop waste jalane se kitchens harmful smoke se bhar jaati hain.

End of Unit 5 MCQ Practice — 25 questions. Revise the explanations before the exam.
Environment Studies – Unit 5 MCQ Practice (English + Hinglish) | BA Semester 1 · noteswale