Environment Studies
Unit 1: MCQ Practice — definition, scope, importance and public awareness
25 MCQs with Answers & Explanations (English + Hinglish) • BA • Semester 1 (AEC)
- Q1: The term “environment” includes:
- Q2: Which of the following is a <strong>biotic</strong> componen…
- Q3: Which of the following is an <strong>abiotic</strong> compon…
- Q4: Environmental studies is called <strong>multidisciplinary</s…
- Q5: The first UN Conference on the Human Environment was held at:
- Q6: World Environment Day is celebrated on:
- Q7: The headquarters of UNEP is located at:
- Q8: UNEP was established in the year:
- Q9: Earth Day is celebrated every year on:
- Q10: In which year did the Supreme Court of India make environmen…
- Q11: The “biosphere” refers to:
- Q12: Which of the following is a segment of the environment?
- Q13: The word “environment” comes from the French wor…
- Q14: Which science explains the chemical composition of pollutant…
- Q15: Public awareness about the environment is needed mainly beca…
- Q16: The scope of environmental studies includes:
- Q17: A direct outcome of the 1972 Stockholm Conference was the:
- Q18: Studying the environment helps engineers to:
- Q19: The main objective of environmental studies is to:
- Q20: The first World Environment Day was celebrated in:
- Q21: Which conference is popularly known as the “Earth Summ…
- Q22: Agenda 21, the action plan for sustainable development, was …
- Q23: The scientific study of interactions between organisms and t…
- Q24: Who coined the term “ecology”?
- Q25: Environmental studies is important for policymakers because …
Q1 The term “environment” includes: 1 mark
- AOnly non-living things
- BBoth living and non-living surroundings ✓ Correct
- COnly human society
- DOnly living things
Environment kisi organism ke biotic (living) + abiotic (non-living) surroundings ka total hai.
Q2 Which of the following is a biotic component of the environment? 1 mark
- ABacteria ✓ Correct
- BSoil
- CSunlight
- DTemperature
Biotic = living. Bacteria living microorganisms hain; sunlight, soil, temperature abiotic hain.
Q3 Which of the following is an abiotic component? 1 mark
- APlants
- BWater ✓ Correct
- CFungi
- DAnimals
Abiotic = non-living. Water, air, soil, sunlight, temperature abiotic factors hain.
Q4 Environmental studies is called multidisciplinary because: 1 mark
- AIt is a very old subject
- BIt is taught in many colleges
- CIt has many textbooks
- DIt integrates knowledge from many disciplines ✓ Correct
Koi single discipline environmental problems explain nahi kar sakti; biology, chemistry, physics, law, economics, engineering sab contribute karte hain.
Q5 The first UN Conference on the Human Environment was held at: 1 mark
- AKyoto, 1997
- BStockholm, 1972 ✓ Correct
- CParis, 2015
- DRio de Janeiro, 1992
Stockholm, Sweden, June 1972 — environment pe first global meet; isi se UNEP bana.
Q6 World Environment Day is celebrated on: 1 mark
- A3 December
- B22 April
- C21 March
- D5 June ✓ Correct
5 June 1972 ke Stockholm Conference ke opening day ki yaad me hai.
Q7 The headquarters of UNEP is located at: 1 mark
- ANew York
- BParis
- CNairobi ✓ Correct
- DGeneva
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme, est. 1972) ka headquarters Nairobi, Kenya me hai.
Q8 UNEP was established in the year: 1 mark
- A1982
- B1972 ✓ Correct
- C1992
- D2002
Stockholm Conference ke outcome ke roop me UNEP 1972 me set up hua tha.
Q9 Earth Day is celebrated every year on: 1 mark
- A16 September
- B22 March
- C22 April ✓ Correct
- D5 June
Earth Day (first 1970 me) 22 April ko manaya jaata hai environmental protection ke support me.
Q10 In which year did the Supreme Court of India make environmental education compulsory at all levels? 1 mark
- A1986
- B2003 ✓ Correct
- C2010
- D1991
M.C. Mehta case ke baad Supreme Court ne 2003 me environmental education compulsory kar di.
Q11 The “biosphere” refers to: 1 mark
- AOnly ocean water
- BOnly forest areas
- CThe zone of life — land, water and air where living beings exist ✓ Correct
- DThe layer of gases around earth
Biosphere = earth ka wo part (lithosphere + hydrosphere + atmosphere) jahan life exist karti hai.
Q12 Which of the following is a segment of the environment? 1 mark
- ALithosphere
- BAtmosphere
- CAll of these ✓ Correct
- DHydrosphere
Atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water) aur lithosphere (land) environment ke teen physical segments hain.
Q13 The word “environment” comes from the French word environ, meaning: 1 mark
- ALife
- BEarth
- CSurroundings ✓ Correct
- DNature
French environner ka matlab 'to surround' hai — environment = jo organism ko surround kare.
Q14 Which science explains the chemical composition of pollutants like acid rain? 1 mark
- AEconomics
- BPhysics
- CChemistry ✓ Correct
- DBiology
Chemistry pollutant composition aur acid rain, ozone depletion jaise reactions explain karta hai.
Q15 Public awareness about the environment is needed mainly because: 1 mark
- AOnly scientists need it
- BIt reduces the syllabus
- CLaws and technology alone are not enough ✓ Correct
- DIt is fashionable
Logon ki participation ke bina — water save karna, waste segregate karna — best laws bhi fail hote hain.
Q16 The scope of environmental studies includes: 1 mark
- AOnly wildlife
- BOnly air pollution
- COnly forests
- DNatural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution and social issues ✓ Correct
Iska scope wide hai: resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, population, ethics aur environmental laws.
Q17 A direct outcome of the 1972 Stockholm Conference was the: 1 mark
- AChipko Movement
- BParis Agreement
- CKyoto Protocol
- DFormation of UNEP ✓ Correct
Stockholm ke baad global environmental action coordinate karne ke liye 1972 me UNEP banaya gaya.
Q18 Studying the environment helps engineers to: 1 mark
- AAvoid all laws
- BNone of these
- CDesign cleaner technologies ✓ Correct
- DIncrease profits only
Environment-aware engineers low-pollution machines, CNG engines, filters aur treatment plants design karte hain.
Q19 The main objective of environmental studies is to: 1 mark
- AIncrease the number of exams
- BStop all industries
- CCreate aware and responsible citizens ✓ Correct
- DMemorise names of species
Iska goal awareness hai jo behaviour badle — resources conserve karo, waste reduce karo, green laws follow karo.
Q20 The first World Environment Day was celebrated in: 1 mark
- A1972
- B1992
- C1982
- D1974 ✓ Correct
First World Environment Day 5 June 1974 ko manaya gaya tha, Stockholm ke do saal baad.
Q21 Which conference is popularly known as the “Earth Summit”? 1 mark
- AJohannesburg, 2002
- BRio de Janeiro, 1992 ✓ Correct
- CStockholm, 1972
- DParis, 2015
1992 ka Rio me UN Conference on Environment and Development hi Earth Summit kehlata hai.
Q22 Agenda 21, the action plan for sustainable development, was adopted at: 1 mark
- ARio Earth Summit, 1992 ✓ Correct
- BMontreal Protocol
- CKyoto Protocol
- DStockholm Conference
Agenda 21 — 21st century ke liye global action plan — Rio Earth Summit (1992) se aaya.
Q23 The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment is called: 1 mark
- AMeteorology
- BAnthropology
- CEcology ✓ Correct
- DGeology
Ecology study karta hai ki organisms ek doosre se aur abiotic factors se kaise interact karte hain.
Q24 Who coined the term “ecology”? 1 mark
- ARaymond Lindeman
- BA.G. Tansley
- CErnst Haeckel ✓ Correct
- DCharles Darwin
German biologist Ernst Haeckel ne 1866 me 'ecology' (oekologie) term coin kiya tha.
Q25 Environmental studies is important for policymakers because it: 1 mark
- AIs compulsory in syllabus
- BIs an easy subject
- CHas no practical use
- DProvides the scientific basis for environmental laws and policies ✓ Correct
Pollution, resources aur health effects pe scientific data Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 jaise laws guide karte hain.