Topic kya maangta hai
Paper blank bharwata hai: ___ 5 o'clock, ___ Monday, ___ July, interested ___, between you and ___. Pooche relation ka word + uska object. the table ka the articles pe. can go — modals.
Yahan padhna
Object zaroori. Prep vs adverb vs conjunction. Time in/on/at. Place in/on/at. to/into/onto. between/among, beside/besides, in time/on time, at the end/in the end, by/until, during/for. by bus vs on foot vs with a knife. Adjective+prep, verb+prep lists. Compound: in spite of, because of. Objective case: me/him/whom.
Yahan mat ghusana
a university / the Ganga — articles. has lived since 2010 ka has lived — tenses (since yahan prep). Come in / stand up — POS adverb. Although / because clause — conjunctions extra. Hindi se/mein/ko — karak. Can/must — modals. Is written by Ram — voice (by agent yahan bhi, full passive wahan).
Ek line: Preposition apne object se pehle baithta hai. Object nahi to aksar adverb. Clause jodi to conjunction.
Object ke bina prep adhura
Object = noun, pronoun (objective: me, him, her, us, them, whom), gerund. on the roof, with her, after eating, between you and me (I nahi).
| Same spelling | Prep (object hai) | Kuch aur |
|---|---|---|
| in / on / up / down | in the room, on the wall, up the hill | come in, put it on, stand up — adverb, POS |
| since / after / before | since 2010, after lunch | since he left — conjunction (clause) |
| until / till | until Monday | until he comes — conjunction |
Sawal ke end pe prep chal sakta: Who are you talking to? Formal: To whom are you talking? Object whom, not who, jab prep usse chipka ho.
Please come in. vs He is in the room. — in dono jagah same?
Solution
- Object?
come in — in ke baad noun nahi. in = adverb (direction). POS page pe job.
- Object hai
in the room — object = the room. in = preposition. Yahan isi job ki list aati hai.
Time — at / on / in
| Prep | Kitna bada time | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| at | clock / point | at 5 o'clock, at noon, at midnight, at night, at dawn, at the moment, at the weekend (UK) |
| on | din / tarikh / din+hissa | on Monday, on 15 August, on Sunday morning, on New Year's Day, on Diwali, on time |
| in | mahina / saal / mausam / lambi unit / hisse | in July, in 2026, in summer, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the 19th century |
Kasauti: clock = at. din/date/tyohar-din = on (on Diwali, on Holi). mahina/saal/subah-shaam (morning) = in. Exception: at night (in the night bhi kabhi, Class-X default at night). in time alag matlab — neeche.
Duration: for two hours (length), since Monday (start) — tense family tenses pe; yahan prep choose. during the exam = us dauran (when). from Monday to Friday. within a week = us hafte ke andar, deadline-box. in a week = hafte baad (future point) ya hafte ke dauran — paper ka stem padho.
Zero prep time. yesterday, last week, next Monday, this morning, every day, ago — in/on/at nahi: on yesterday, in last year galat. on last Monday bhi Class-X keys aksar todti: last Monday. Exception: on Monday last / on the last Monday of June — extra words hon to on wapas.
___ 5 o'clock · ___ Monday · ___ July · ___ night
Solution
- Size
Clock point = at. Din = on. Mahina = in. Night Class-X default = at night (in the night bhi kabhi, pehle at).
Place — at / on / in
| Prep | Picture | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| at | point / meeting-spot | at the door, at the station, at the bus stop, at home, at school (purpose), at Amer Fort (event-spot), at the well |
| on | surface / line | on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the first floor, on the bus/train, on the Aravalli slopes (surface), on page 12 |
| in | andar / area | in the room, in the bag, in Jaipur, in Rajasthan, in India, in the well, in the Thar, in hospital (UK purpose) |
Shehar: in Jaipur (andar shehar). Address/point: at 12 MI Road. Country/state: in. Arrive: arrive in a city, arrive at a station/building. Arrive to galat.
Vehicles: in a car / taxi / small closed. on a bus / train / plane / ship / bike (public ya surface). get into the car, get on the bus. Home: at home (the home nahi, to home nahi — go home). School/college: at school (purpose, padhne gaye), in the school (building ke andar physically).
Articles layer alag: in the Thar, in Jaipur (zero city) — articles. Yahan in vs on vs at.
Ram is ___ home. The keys are ___ the table. Water is ___ the well.
Solution
- Point / surface / andar
home = meeting-spot phrase → at home. table = surface → on. well ke paani andar → in the well. at the well = kinare point.
Movement — to, into, onto, from
| Prep | Kaam | Example |
|---|---|---|
| to | direction, destination | go to Kota, to the well |
| into | bahar se andar enter | jumped into the well, went into the fort |
| onto | surface pe chadhao | climbed onto the roof |
| from | source | from Udaipur, from 9 to 5 |
| out of | andar se bahar | out of the room |
| off | surface se alag | fell off the wall, get off the bus |
| towards | us taraf, pahunch na zaroori | walked towards the gate |
| through | andar se paar | through the tunnel, through the crowd |
| across | ek kinare se doosre, surface | across the river, across the road |
| along | line ke saath | along the Chambal, along the road |
in the well = pehle se andar. into the well = enter. on the roof vs onto the roof same farq.
Pairs — paper yahi uljhaata
| Pair | Farq | Example |
|---|---|---|
| between / among | between = do (ya clear sides); among = group 3+ | between you and me; among the players |
| beside / besides | beside = next to; besides = in addition | sat beside Ram; besides English, she knows Hindi |
| in time / on time | in time = deadline se pehle, kaafi; on time = schedule pe exact | in time to catch the train; the train arrived on time |
| at the end / in the end | at the end of X = X ke ant pe; in the end = finally | at the end of the paper; in the end we stayed |
| over / above | over = covering/across/more than; above = higher, not necessarily cover | a cloth over the table; the sun above the fort; over 50 marks |
| under / below | under = directly beneath/cover; below = lower level | under the tree; below freezing; below the poverty line |
| during / for / while | during + noun; for + length; while + clause (conjunction) | during the exam; for two hours; while I waited |
by, with, until — teen kaam
| Word | Kaam | Example |
|---|---|---|
| by agent | kisne (passive) | written by Premchand — full voice extra pe |
| by transport | sawari | by bus, by train, by air — exception on foot, on horseback |
| by deadline | us se pehle ya us waqt tak, khatam | submit by Monday (Monday ko ya pehle, kaam khatam) |
| until / till | us waqt tak chalta raha | waited until Monday (Monday tak wait jari) |
| with | instrument / saath | cut with a knife; with her friends |
| of | belong / part / consist | the forts of Rajasthan; a cup of tea; consist of |
by Monday vs until Monday: assignment by Monday = Monday se pehle jama. shop open until Monday = Monday tak khuli. Paper deadline dikhe to aksar by.
Ratne wali phrases
at home, at work, at school, at night, at dawn, at once, at last, at least, at present, at the moment, at the age of, at war.
in a hurry, in danger, in love, in time, in the end, in fact, in ink, in pencil (US also with), in future / in the future (keys mixed; in future = from now as policy, British).
on duty, on fire, on holiday, on foot, on time, on TV, on the radio, on the way, on purpose.
by chance, by mistake, by heart, by day / by night, by means of.
for example, for good, for ever / forever.
Adjective + preposition — list rat lo
| Adj + prep | Example |
|---|---|
| afraid of, proud of, fond of, full of, jealous of, tired of | afraid of snakes; proud of Rajasthan |
| good at, bad at, clever at | good at maths |
| interested in, rich in, absorbed in | interested in history |
| famous for, ready for, sorry for (pity) | Jaipur is famous for forts; sorry for the delay |
| similar to, married to, used to + noun/gerund | married to a teacher; used to heat (used to smoke alag) |
| different from (to/than kabhi keys) | different from this |
| angry with a person, angry at a thing; annoyed with | angry with him |
| keen on, dependent on | keen on cricket |
Verb + preposition — list rat lo
| Verb + prep | Matlab / example |
|---|---|
| look at / look for / look after | dekhna / dhoondhna / dekhbhaal |
| listen to, belong to, agree with (person) / agree to (plan) | listen to the radio; belong to us |
| wait for, hope for, apply for, send for | wait for the bus |
| depend on, insist on, congratulate on | depend on rain |
| consist of, accuse of, think of / think about | consist of eight parts |
| apologise to someone for something | apologise to her for the delay |
| prevent from, refrain from, suffer from | prevented him from going |
| succeed in, believe in, arrive in (city) / arrive at (spot) | succeed in the exam |
| prefer X to Y, compare X with / to | prefer tea to coffee |
Phrasal verbs (give up, put off) error/idiom extras pe gehra; Class-X fill-in yahi fixed prep maangta.
Compound — do-teen words, ek prep
in front of, in spite of / despite (+ noun, not although), because of / owing to / due to (+ noun; because + clause = conjunction extra), according to, on behalf of, in addition to, instead of, by means of, on account of, with regard to.
despite / in spite of + noun/gerund: despite the rain / in spite of the rain / in spite of the heat. despite of galat. Bare in spite of raining kamzor — in spite of the rain freeze. although it rained conjunction — clause, noun nahi.
Blank: ___ the heat, they walked to Amer Fort. Options: although / despite / because / despite of
Solution
- Agla kya hai?
the heat = noun-phrase. although/because clause maangte: although it was hot.
- Form
despite the heat / in spite of the heat. despite of galat (of sirf in spite of mein).
Traps — yahi kat'te hain
1. in Monday / at July
on Monday, in July, at 5.
2. between I
between you and me.
3. discuss about
discuss + object, about nahi (Class-X keys). enter into the room — enter the room (into extra). comprise of — comprise / consist of.
4. although + despite mix
despite the rain. although it rained.
5. by foot
on foot. by bus.
6. arrive to
arrive in Jaipur / at the station.
7. the vs on
the table article; on relation. Mix mat — articles.
8. since tense freeze
since Monday = prep + point. has lived = tense. Dono layers.
9. go to home / on yesterday
go home. yesterday / last week / next day — extra in/on/at nahi. go to school / go to Kota — to + place-noun chalega; home/there/here ke saath to nahi.
10. discuss about / enter into / marry with / comprise of
Class-X keys: discuss the matter (about nahi). enter the room. marry a girl / be married to. comprise eight parts (of nahi; consist of sahi). order for tea — order tea. approach to him — approach him. resemble to — resemble.
11. with vs by
Instrument haath mein: cut with a knife. Agent (passive): written by Premchand. Transport: by bus. Exception on foot.
12. at the beginning vs in the beginning
at the beginning of the chapter = us cheez ke start pe. in the beginning = shuru-shuru mein (finally ka ulta, in the end ka joda). Same pattern: at the end of / in the end.
Paper pe paanch kadam
- Object hai? Nahi to adverb/conjunction socho.
- Time ya place? clock-day-month; point-surface-area.
- Fixed list? interested in, look after, on foot, at night.
- Jodi? between/among, beside/besides, by/until, in time/on time.
- Doosra extra mat. a/an/the, tense helper, can/must, although.
Q 1–10
Preposition ka pukka nishan?
- Tense dikhata hai — has/have
- Noun/pronoun/gerund se relation; uske baad object
- a/an/the hai
- Alas! jaisa feeling
Solution
- Object
Clock tenses. Pointer articles. Feeling interjection POS.
The train leaves ___ 6 p.m.
- on — din ke liye
- at
- in
- by foot
Solution
- Clock
at 6. leaves = present simple timetable — tenses alag layer.
We shall meet ___ Monday.
- in
- on
- at
- the
Solution
- Din
on Monday, on 15 August. in July. at noon. the = article nahi yahan.
She was born ___ 2005.
- on — tarikh hogi to on 5 May 2005
- in
- at
- since — since 2005 perfect maangta, yahan born past point year
Solution
- Saal
in 2005, in July. on 5 May.
The book is ___ the table.
- in — andar drawer hota
- on
- at — point station hota
- an — article, relation nahi
Solution
- Surface
on the table. the = article table ke liye; on prep.
This is a secret ___ you and ___ .
- among / I
- between / me
- between / I
- beside / mine
Solution
- Do log + object
between. Object case me, not I. among group.
He is interested ___ history.
- on
- in
- at
- of
Solution
- Fixed
interested in. good at. afraid of. famous for.
We played ___ the rain.
- although — clause maangta: although it rained
- despite
- despite of
- because — clause: because it rained
Solution
- + noun
despite the rain. in spite of the rain. although it rained clauses extra.
The train arrived ___ time. (schedule ke hisab se, late nahi)
- in — in time = deadline se pehle margin
- on
- at
- by
Solution
- Exact
on time. in time to catch = kaafi waqt. Alag Q nahi milana.
She looked ___ the children while their mother was away. (dekhbhaal)
- at — sirf dekha
- after
- for — dhoondha
- the — article
Solution
- look after
care. look at = dekho. look for = dhoondho.
Practice
Ye dus alag kone hain — upar wale dus ki nakal nahi.
He lives ___ Jaipur.
- at — chhota point station
- in
- on
- the Jaipur — city zero article, yahan prep in
Solution
- Area
in Jaipur, in Rajasthan. at the station. on MI Road surface/line.
Divide the sweets ___ the five children.
- between — do ke liye default
- among
- beside
- besides
Solution
- Group
five = among. between two. Q6 do log tha; yahan paanch.
___ Hindi, she speaks English. (ke alawa)
- Beside — next to
- Besides
- Between
- Among
Solution
- In addition
besides. sat beside her = bagal.
They went to the fort ___ foot.
- by — by bus hota, foot nahi
- on
- with
- in
Solution
- Exception
on foot. by bus/train/air. with a stick = instrument.
She is afraid ___ the dark.
- from
- of
- with
- at
Solution
- Fixed
afraid of. Q7 interested in tha; yahan of-family.
Submit the form ___ Monday. (deadline, us din ya pehle khatam)
- until — wait jari Monday tak
- by
- since
- during
Solution
- Deadline
by Monday. until Monday = us waqt tak chalta. since Monday = start point.
He jumped ___ the well. (enter)
- in — pehle se andar
- into
- on
- at
Solution
- Andar ghusna
into. sits in the well = location. onto roof = surface chadhao.
I have lived here ___ 2010. since yahan kya hai?
- Helping verb has — woh tense hai
- Preposition (object = 2010); has lived = present perfect alag layer
- Article the
- Conjunction because a clause nahi
Solution
- Do layers
since + year = prep. since he left = conjunction POS. Tense has lived wahan.
Hindi «kuen par / ghar mein» ko English in/on/at se seedha nakal?
- Haan, पर = on hamesha, में = in hamesha
- Nahi — English picture (point/surface/area) dekho; karak Hindi page mix mat
- Yeh sandhi hai
- Yeh a/an hai
Solution
- Do bhasha
at the well (point), on the well-cover (surface), in the well (andar). पर automatic on nahi.
You ___ go now. (permission) — yeh preposition?
- Haan, to go mein to prep hai hamesha
- Nahi — can/may modals; to go yahan infinitive POS, prep object nahi
- Article an
- the Ganga
Solution
- Fence
can/may = modals. to + V1 infinitive, to Kota prep.